IT Glossary
Key Terms To Know In The IT Industry
Indirect Addressing
A method in computer programming where the address of the data is held in an instruction code, allowing the program to manipulate addresses and values stored in variables.
You will find this term commonly used in Software Development
Indirect Dependency
A software dependency that is not directly tied to the current software project but is a dependency of a directly used library or package.
You will find this term commonly used in Software Development, Dependency Management
Individual Contributor
An employee who contributes to the team or project without having management responsibilities.
You will find this term commonly used in General IT, Human Resources
Inductive Charging
A type of wireless power transfer. It uses electromagnetic fields to transfer energy between two objects through electromagnetic induction. Useful in charging devices like smartphones and electric toothbrushes without cords.
You will find this term commonly used in Hardware, Mobile Technology
Industrial Internet
A term coined to describe the integration and linking of big data, analytical tools, and wireless networks with physical and industrial equipment, or otherwise known as the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT).
You will find this term commonly used in IoT, Industrial Automation
Inference Engine
A component of an expert system that applies logical rules to the knowledge base to deduce new information or make decisions, often used in AI applications to simulate human reasoning.
You will find this term commonly used in AI, Machine Learning
InfiniBand
A high-speed communications standard used in high-performance computing and data centers. It offers high throughput and very low latency for data transfer between computer servers and storage systems.
You will find this term commonly used in Networking, Data Center Technology
Infinite Loop
A loop that runs indefinitely because the loop condition is never falsified.
You will find this term commonly used in Programming, Software Development
Informatics
The study of computational systems, especially those for data storage and retrieval.
You will find this term commonly used in General IT, Data Science
Information Architecture
The structure of information, focusing on organizing, structuring, and labeling content in an effective and sustainable way. This is used in websites, online communities, and software to help improve usability.
You will find this term commonly used in Web Development, UX/UI Design
Information Assurance
Measures that protect and defend information and information systems by ensuring their availability, integrity, authentication, confidentiality, and non-repudiation.
You will find this term commonly used in Security, Cybersecurity
Information Broker
A person or company that collects and sells personal or corporate information to third parties, often used for marketing, research, or surveillance purposes.
You will find this term commonly used in Data Management, Security
Information Cascade
A phenomenon where individuals in a group or network make decisions sequentially, with each person's decision influenced by the decisions of earlier individuals, sometimes leading to rapid convergence on suboptimal choices or beliefs.
You will find this term commonly used in Social Media, Behavioral Economics
Information Entropy
A measure of the uncertainty or randomness in a data set, used in information theory.
You will find this term commonly used in Information Theory, Security
Information Governance
The set of multi-disciplinary structures, policies, procedures, processes, and controls implemented to manage information at an enterprise level, supporting an organization's immediate and future regulatory, legal, risk, environmental, and operational requirements.
You will find this term commonly used in Data Management, IT Governance
Information Hiding
The principle of segregation of the design decisions in a computer program that are most likely to change, thus protecting other parts of the program from extensive modification if the design decision is changed.
You will find this term commonly used in Software Development, Programming
Information Kiosk
A computer terminal featuring specialized hardware and software that provides access to information and applications for communication, commerce, entertainment, or education.
You will find this term commonly used in General IT, Customer Service
Information Lifecycle Management (ILM)
Policies, processes, practices, and tools used to align the business value of information with the most appropriate and cost-effective IT infrastructure from the time information is conceived through its final disposition.
You will find this term commonly used in General IT, Data Management
Information Radiator
A large, highly visible display used in agile software development environments to provide team members and stakeholders with up-to-date information about the project's status, progress, and metrics.
You will find this term commonly used in Agile Development, Project Management
Information Retrieval
The science of searching for information in documents, searching for documents themselves, and also searching for metadata that describe data, and for databases of texts, images, or sounds.
You will find this term commonly used in Databases, AI
Information Security Analyst
Protects computer networks and systems by identifying and mitigating security vulnerabilities and threats.
You will find this term commonly used in Cybersecurity
Information Security Policy
A set of guidelines and standards designed to manage the protection of organizational information, ensuring confidentiality, integrity, and availability of data.
You will find this term commonly used in Security, IT Governance
Information Silo
An isolated point in a system where data is kept and not easily or safely accessible to other parts of the system.
You will find this term commonly used in Data Management, IT Management
Information Theory
A branch of applied mathematics and electrical engineering involving the quantification of information. Historically, it was developed to find fundamental limits on compressing and reliably transmitting data.
You will find this term commonly used in Data Science, Cryptography
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) Cloud
A form of cloud computing that provides virtualized computing resources over the internet, offering a complete infrastructure stack in a pay-as-you-go model.
You will find this term commonly used in Cloud Computing, Networking
Infrastructure as Code (IaC)
The process of managing and provisioning computer data centers through machine-readable definition files, rather than physical hardware configuration or interactive configuration tools.
You will find this term commonly used in Cloud Computing, DevOps
Infrastructure Automation
The use of technology to perform tasks with reduced human assistance to manage and provision various types of infrastructure like physical and virtual servers.
You will find this term commonly used in Cloud Computing, General IT
Infrastructure Code
The practice of managing and provisioning computer data centers through machine-readable definition files, rather than physical hardware configuration or interactive configuration tools.
You will find this term commonly used in Cloud Computing, DevOps
Infrastructure Monitoring
The practice of collecting and analyzing data from IT infrastructure to ensure it is functioning optimally and to predict potential issues.
You will find this term commonly used in Networking, IT Management
Infrastructure Security
The protection of physical and virtual infrastructure against threats and vulnerabilities, including the security of data centers, network devices, and cloud environments.
You will find this term commonly used in Security, Cybersecurity
Ingress and Egress Filtering
Network security measures that control incoming (ingress) and outgoing (egress) traffic based on a set of rules, often to prevent unauthorized access and ensure data security.
You will find this term commonly used in Networking, Security
Ingress Controller
In the context of Kubernetes, it manages access to the services in a cluster by providing HTTP routing and load balancing to services based on declared ingress resources.
You will find this term commonly used in Cloud Computing, Networking
Ingress Filtering
A method used in computer security to prevent certain types of network traffic from entering a private network. It is used to enhance the security of a network by blocking potentially harmful traffic.
You will find this term commonly used in Networking, Security
Ingress Network Traffic
Incoming network traffic to a particular device, server, or network. It is often monitored and managed to ensure security and optimal performance.
You will find this term commonly used in Networking, Security
Ingress Networking
In the context of computer networking, ingress refers to incoming traffic to a network or service, often managed and controlled by routing and firewall policies to ensure security and efficient data flow.
You will find this term commonly used in Networking, Cloud Computing
Ingress Traffic
Incoming network traffic from external networks to internal resources.
You will find this term commonly used in Networking, Security
Inheritance
An object-oriented programming principle where a class can inherit properties and methods from another class.
You will find this term commonly used in Software Development
Inheritance Hierarchy
In object-oriented programming, a structure that represents relationships between classes and subclasses, allowing for the reuse of code and properties.
You will find this term commonly used in Development, Software Engineering
Initial Coin Offering (ICO)
A fundraising mechanism in which new projects sell their underlying crypto tokens in exchange for bitcoin and ether. It’s somewhat similar to an Initial Public Offering (IPO) in which investors purchase shares of a company.
You will find this term commonly used in Cryptocurrency, Finance
Initial Program Load (IPL)
The process of loading the operating system into the computer's main memory at startup.
You will find this term commonly used in Operating Systems, Hardware
Injection Attack
The introduction of malicious code into a computer program or system, commonly seen in SQL injection, where attackers exploit vulnerabilities to execute unauthorized SQL commands.
You will find this term commonly used in Security, Cybersecurity
Injection Flaw
A type of vulnerability in software applications that occurs when an attacker can insert (or "inject") a piece of malicious code into the program, typically through user input areas such as forms or URLs.
You will find this term commonly used in Cybersecurity, Software Development
Inkjet Printer
A type of printer that creates images by propelling droplets of ink onto paper.
You will find this term commonly used in Hardware, Peripheral Devices
Inkjet Printing Technology
A type of computer printing that recreates a digital image by propelling droplets of ink onto paper and plastic substrates, commonly used in personal and small business settings.
You will find this term commonly used in General IT, Hardware
Inline Assembly
The use of assembly language instructions within a program written in a high-level programming language. This can be used for optimization or to access processor-specific instructions not available in the high-level language.
You will find this term commonly used in Software Development, Hardware
Inline Function
A function in programming where the compiler replaces a function call with the actual code of the function, potentially reducing the overhead of function calls.
You will find this term commonly used in Software Development
Inline Query
A query that is placed within the code of another query or program, often used to simplify complex queries or calculations within a database or software application.
You will find this term commonly used in Development, Data Management
Innovation Ecosystem
A network or environment that supports and fosters innovation, consisting of relationships between individuals, organizations, technologies, and policies.
You will find this term commonly used in General IT, Business Strategy
Innovation Management
The discipline of managing processes in innovation. It can involve the creation of products, processes, and business models; it is often tied to technology and software development in IT contexts.
You will find this term commonly used in Business Management, IT Strategy
Innovative Disruption
A business or technology innovation that significantly alters the way that consumers, industries, or businesses operate, often displacing established market-leading firms, products, and alliances.
You will find this term commonly used in Business Strategy, Innovation
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