IT Glossary
Key Terms To Know In The IT Industry
Innovative Technologies
Emerging or advanced technologies that have the potential to significantly impact business processes, service delivery, or product development, such as AI, blockchain, and IoT.
You will find this term commonly used in General IT, Development
Inode
A data structure on a filesystem on Linux/Unix that stores information about a file or a directory, including attributes like ownership, access mode (permissions), and file type.
You will find this term commonly used in Operating Systems, Storage
Input Method Editor (IME)
A program or operating system component that allows users to enter characters and symbols not found on their input devices. For example, typing in Chinese on a keyboard designed for English.
You will find this term commonly used in Software Development, Localization
Input Sanitization
The process of cleaning up and validating user input before processing to prevent security vulnerabilities, such as injection attacks, by removing harmful data.
You will find this term commonly used in Web Development, Security
Input/Output Controller
A device or software that manages the communication between a computer and its external devices, handling input and output operations.
You will find this term commonly used in Hardware, Development
Instance Variable
A variable that is defined in a class for which each instantiated object of the class has a separate copy, or instance. These variables represent the object's state.
You will find this term commonly used in Development, Software Engineering
Instant Messaging (IM)
A type of online chat that offers real-time text transmission over the Internet.
You will find this term commonly used in Networking, Communication
Instruction Pipelining
A technique for implementing instruction-level parallelism within a single processor. Pipelining attempts to keep every part of the processor busy with some instruction by dividing incoming instructions into a series of sequential steps.
You will find this term commonly used in Hardware, Software Development
Instruction Set
The set of instructions that a processor can execute, defining how software can use the processor to perform operations.
You will find this term commonly used in Hardware, Software Development
Instruction Set Architecture (ISA)
The part of the computer architecture related to programming, including the native data types, instructions, registers, addressing modes, memory architecture, interrupt and exception handling, and external IO.
You will find this term commonly used in Computer Architecture, General IT
Instruction-Level Parallelism (ILP)
A measure of how many of the instructions in a computer program can be executed simultaneously.
You will find this term commonly used in Computer Architecture, Hardware
Integer Overflow
A condition that occurs when an arithmetic operation attempts to create a numeric value that is outside of the range that can be represented with a given number of digits.
You will find this term commonly used in Software Development, Security
Integrated Circuit (IC)
A set of electronic circuits on one small flat piece (or "chip") of semiconductor material, usually silicon. ICs can perform a variety of functions, including processing, memory, and logic.
You will find this term commonly used in Hardware, Electronics
Integrated Circuit Card Identifier (ICCID)
A unique identifier of a SIM card in a mobile phone.
You will find this term commonly used in Mobile Technology, Networking
Integrated Development Environment (IDE)
A software application that provides comprehensive facilities to computer programmers for software development, including a source code editor, build automation tools, and a debugger.
You will find this term commonly used in Software Development, General IT
Integrated Development Environment (IDE) Features
The components and tools provided by an IDE to support software development, including code editors, compilers, debuggers, and version control.
You will find this term commonly used in Development, Software Engineering
Integrated Development Operations (DevOps)
Practices that combine software development (Dev) and IT operations (Ops) to shorten the development life cycle and provide continuous delivery.
You will find this term commonly used in General IT, Software Development
Integrated Performance Management
A holistic approach that integrates various aspects of performance management, including business process, technology, and people management, to improve organizational efficiency and effectiveness.
You will find this term commonly used in IT Management, General IT
Integrated Software
A collection of software especially created to work on closely related programs. It's designed to facilitate the work of groups of people in a corporate environment by sharing data and processes among various departments.
You will find this term commonly used in Software Development, Business Software
Integrated Threat Management
A comprehensive approach to managing and mitigating security threats that involves coordinating various security measures and technologies across an organization.
You will find this term commonly used in Security, Cybersecurity
Integration
The process of combining software components or subsystems into an overall system. It is a critical phase in software development where all the different parts of an application are combined.
You will find this term commonly used in Software Development
Integration Testing
A level of software testing where individual units are combined and tested as a group to expose faults in the interaction between units.
You will find this term commonly used in Software Development
Intellectual Property (IP)
Legal rights that creators have over their inventions and creations. In IT, this can include software, designs, and technology. It is crucial for protecting innovation and creativity in the field.
You will find this term commonly used in General IT, Legal
Intellectual Property (IP) Theft
The theft of ideas, inventions, and creative expressions, which can include everything from trade secrets and proprietary products and parts to movies, music, and software.
You will find this term commonly used in Legal, Security
Intellectual Property Theft
The stealing of ideas, inventions, and creative expressions. In IT, this can include software piracy, the unauthorized replication of technology, and the illicit use of proprietary software or hardware designs.
You will find this term commonly used in Cybersecurity, Legal
Intelligent Agent
Software that performs tasks on behalf of users or other programs, with some degree of autonomy.
You will find this term commonly used in AI, Software Development
Intelligent Automation
The combination of artificial intelligence (AI) and automation technologies to create systems that can simulate human understanding and automate complex processes.
You will find this term commonly used in AI, Robotics
Intelligent Network (IN)
A type of telecommunications network architecture that allows for the rapid introduction of services and provides operators and service providers the ability to control and customize services.
You will find this term commonly used in Networking, Telecommunications
Intelligent Systems
Computer systems that exhibit characteristics of artificial intelligence, such as learning, adaptation, and decision-making, applied in various domains like robotics, expert systems, and natural language processing.
You will find this term commonly used in AI, Development
IntelliJ IDEA
An integrated development environment (IDE) written in Java for developing computer software.
You will find this term commonly used in Software Development
Inter-Process Communication (IPC)
A set of programming interfaces that allows a programmer to coordinate activities among different program processes that can run concurrently in an operating system.
You will find this term commonly used in Software Development
Interactive Application
Software that accepts input from humans as it runs, often used in contrast to batch processing applications.
You will find this term commonly used in Software Development
Interactive Data Visualization
The use of visual representations of data to explore, understand, and communicate complex information interactively, often using software that allows users to manipulate and explore datasets in real-time.
You will find this term commonly used in Data Analysis, Business Intelligence
Interactive Development Environment
An environment that provides immediate feedback to the programmer for each action, facilitating a more dynamic and rapid development process. Often confused with Integrated Development Environment (IDE), but focuses more on the interactivity aspect.
You will find this term commonly used in Development, Software Engineering
Interactive Kiosk
A computer terminal featuring specialized hardware and software that provides access to information and applications for communication, commerce, entertainment, or education.
You will find this term commonly used in Hardware, General IT
Interchange Format
A standard format for exchanging data between systems or software applications.
You will find this term commonly used in Data Management, Interoperability
Intercloud
The interconnection of cloud computing services from different providers, enabling data and application portability, as well as the ability to leverage multiple cloud environments to improve performance, reliability, and scalability.
You will find this term commonly used in Cloud Computing, Networking
Interdisciplinary Computing
The integration of computing methods and technologies into diverse fields of study, promoting innovation and new approaches to research and development.
You will find this term commonly used in General IT, Research
Interface
In computing, it refers either to a user interface or a software interface that allows two or more software entities to communicate with each other.
You will find this term commonly used in Software Development, General IT
Interface Design
The process of creating interfaces in software or computerized devices with a focus on looks or style, aiming to improve the user experience by making the interface easy and pleasant to use.
You will find this term commonly used in UI/UX Design, Software Development
Interface Segregation Principle
A principle in object-oriented design that states no client should be forced to depend on methods it does not use. It's part of the SOLID principles aimed at making software designs more understandable, flexible, and maintainable.
You will find this term commonly used in Software Development
Interface Segregation Principle (ISP)
A principle in object-oriented design that states no client should be forced to depend on methods it does not use.
You will find this term commonly used in Software Development
Interference Information
In wireless communications, information related to the interference experienced by signals, which can be used to adjust systems or protocols to improve communication quality.
You will find this term commonly used in Networking, Telecommunications
Interlaced PNG (iPNG)
An extension of the Portable Network Graphics (PNG) format that allows an image to be displayed in a progressive manner as it is downloaded over networks, improving user experience on slow connections.
You will find this term commonly used in Web Development, Graphics
Internal Audit
An organizational initiative to assess and improve its processes, ensuring compliance and identifying process improvements.
You will find this term commonly used in IT Management, Security
Internal Network
A network that is restricted to the devices and users within an organization, providing controlled access to resources, often isolated from the external internet for security purposes.
You will find this term commonly used in Networking, Security
Internal Rate of Return (IRR) for IT Projects
A financial metric used to estimate the profitability of potential investments in IT projects, calculated as the rate of return that makes the net present value of all cash flows from a particular project equal to zero.
You will find this term commonly used in IT Management, Finance
International Cybersecurity Standards
A set of globally recognized guidelines and practices for securing information systems and managing cyber risks, such as ISO/IEC 27001.
You will find this term commonly used in Security, Cybersecurity
International Data Encryption Algorithm (IDEA)
A symmetric key block cipher used in data encryption.
You will find this term commonly used in Security, Cryptography
International Software Testing Qualifications Board (ISTQB)
An organization that offers globally recognized certifications in software testing, defining standardized practices and methodologies.
You will find this term commonly used in Development, Quality Assurance
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