IT Glossary
Key Terms To Know In The IT Industry
Graphics Rendering Pipeline
The sequence of steps used by a graphical engine to render 3D computer graphics onto a 2D screen.
You will find this term commonly used in Computer Graphics, Game Development
GraphQL
A data query language developed by Facebook in 2012 before being publicly released in 2015. It provides an approach to developing web APIs and has been described as a more powerful alternative to REST.
You will find this term commonly used in Software Development
GraphQL API
A runtime for executing queries by using a type system you define for your data. GraphQL isn't tied to any specific database or storage engine and is instead backed by your existing code and data.
You will find this term commonly used in Web Development
GraphQL Federation
An approach to building a unified GraphQL schema from multiple services. Federation allows for a microservices architecture where each service can define its own portion of the GraphQL schema, and a gateway merges these schemas into a single cohesive API.
You will find this term commonly used in Web Development
GraphQL Queries
The method by which data is read in GraphQL. It enables clients to specify exactly what data they need, making data fetching more efficient.
You will find this term commonly used in Web Development
GraphQL Server
A server-side implementation of GraphQL that processes queries, mutations, and subscriptions, providing a way for clients to fetch, change, and subscribe to data in a type-safe way.
You will find this term commonly used in Web Development
GraphQL Subscriptions
A feature of GraphQL that allows a server to send data to its clients when a specific event occurs. This is useful for real-time updates in web and mobile applications.
You will find this term commonly used in Software Development
Gray Box Testing
A software testing method that involves testing a software product with partial knowledge of its internal workings.
You will find this term commonly used in Software Development / Security
Gray Code
A binary numeral system where two successive values differ in only one bit. It is used in digital communications to prevent spurious output from switches and to facilitate error correction.
You will find this term commonly used in Digital Logic / Computer Engineering
Gray Scale Imaging
The process of converting images to shades of gray, preserving luminance but not hue, used in various digital processing fields.
You will find this term commonly used in Image Processing
Graylog
An open-source log management tool that supports the storage, searching, and analysis of logs. Often used for troubleshooting and monitoring of IT infrastructure.
You will find this term commonly used in Security / General IT
Grayscale Algorithm
An algorithm used to convert color images to grayscale, emphasizing different aspects of the conversion like luminance or contrast.
You will find this term commonly used in Image Processing, Computer Vision
Grayscale Conversion
The process of converting color images to grayscale, reducing complexity and focusing on intensity variation.
You will find this term commonly used in Image Processing
Grease Monkey (User Scripting)
A popular userscript manager that allows users to customize the way a web page displays or behaves, by using small bits of JavaScript.
You will find this term commonly used in Web Development
Greasemonkey
A userscript manager that allows users to install scripts that make on-the-fly changes to web page content after or before the page is loaded in the browser.
You will find this term commonly used in Web Development
Greasemonkey Scripts
User scripts that can modify the appearance and functionality of web pages when using compatible web browsers.
You will find this term commonly used in Web Development
Greedy Algorithm
An algorithmic paradigm that builds up a solution piece by piece, always choosing the next piece that offers the most immediate benefit.
You will find this term commonly used in AI / Software Development
Green Coding
Practices in software development aimed at optimizing code to be more energy-efficient, thereby reducing the carbon footprint of computing operations.
You will find this term commonly used in Software Development / Environmental Sustainability
Green Computing
The study and practice of environmentally sustainable computing or IT.
You will find this term commonly used in General IT
Green Data Center
A data center designed with energy efficiency and minimal environmental impact in mind, utilizing green technologies.
You will find this term commonly used in IT Infrastructure, Sustainability
Green IT
Practices and technologies that reduce the environmental impact of IT operations by improving energy efficiency, reducing waste, and promoting recyclability.
You will find this term commonly used in General IT / Environmental Sustainability
Green Networking
Practices and technologies aimed at reducing the energy consumption and environmental impact of networking devices and infrastructure.
You will find this term commonly used in Networking, Sustainability
Green Screen Technology
Also known as chroma keying, it is a visual effects/post-production technique for compositing two images or video streams together based on color hues (chroma range).
You will find this term commonly used in Multimedia / Video Production
Green Software Engineering
Practices and methodologies for developing software in a way that minimizes environmental impact, focusing on energy efficiency and resource optimization.
You will find this term commonly used in Software Engineering, Sustainability
Greenfield Project
In software engineering, a project that is developed from scratch rather than from an existing program or application.
You will find this term commonly used in Software Development / Project Management
Gremlin
A graph traversal language and engine that is used in the Apache TinkerPop graph computing framework. It's designed to work with various graph databases and graph processing systems.
You will find this term commonly used in Database Management
Grey Box Testing
A software testing method which is a blend of both black box testing and white box testing. The tester has limited knowledge of the internal workings of the application.
You will find this term commonly used in Software Development / Security
Grey Hat Hacker
A computer hacker or cybersecurity expert who may sometimes violate laws or typical ethical standards, but does not have the malicious intent typical of a black hat hacker.
You will find this term commonly used in Cybersecurity
Grid Computing
A computing paradigm in which a 'virtual supercomputer' is composed of a cluster of networked, loosely coupled computers acting in concert to perform very large tasks.
You will find this term commonly used in General IT
Grid Computing Architecture
The design and structure of distributed computing environments where resources are shared across networks to achieve higher computational tasks.
You will find this term commonly used in Distributed Systems
Grid Computing Power
The combination of computer resources from multiple locations to reach a common goal, utilizing the power of networks to process large sets of data or execute parallel tasks.
You will find this term commonly used in Cloud Computing / Distributed Computing
Grid Computing Resources
The combined computing power of resources over a grid, distributed across locations to perform complex computations or store large amounts of data.
You will find this term commonly used in Distributed Systems
Grid File System
A file system architecture designed to manage data across distributed computing resources, optimizing access and storage efficiency.
You will find this term commonly used in Distributed Systems, Storage
Grid Infrastructure
The foundational hardware and software components that enable grid computing, including networking, storage, and management systems.
You will find this term commonly used in Distributed Systems, IT Infrastructure
Grid Layout
A method of arranging items in a (web) page layout through a grid system, which can be both flexible and rigid, allowing for responsive and adaptive designs.
You will find this term commonly used in Web Development / UI Design
Grid Layout CSS
A CSS framework designed to simplify the process of designing web pages with a grid-based layout system. It allows for more flexible and responsive design patterns.
You will find this term commonly used in Web Development
Grid Scheduling
The strategy for distributing tasks across a grid computing system, ensuring optimal resource use and task completion time.
You will find this term commonly used in Distributed Systems
Grid Search
An algorithm with the goal of searching through a subset of the hyperparameter space of a learning algorithm. It is a traditional way to perform hyperparameter optimization that is simple to implement and understand.
You will find this term commonly used in AI / Machine Learning
Grid System
In web design, a structure comprising a series of horizontal and vertical lines which intersect and are used to arrange content. It's a fundamental part of web and graphic design.
You will find this term commonly used in Web Development
Grok
To understand (something) intuitively or by empathy. In IT, to grok means to understand deeply and fully.
You will find this term commonly used in General IT
Grokking
The act of understanding deeply and intuitively. In IT, it often refers to the moment a concept or operation is fully understood by an individual.
You will find this term commonly used in General IT
Grokking Algorithms
The deep understanding or intuitive grasp of algorithms, often used to describe a level of comprehension in computer science.
You will find this term commonly used in Education, Computer Science
Groove Music
A digital music streaming service developed by Microsoft that offers music streaming through subscription or purchase through the Windows Store.
You will find this term commonly used in Multimedia
Groovy
An object-oriented programming language for the Java platform. It is a dynamic language with features similar to those of Python, Ruby, Perl, and Smalltalk.
You will find this term commonly used in Software Development
Groovy on Grails
A dynamic framework for developing web applications in the Groovy programming language, aiming for a high-productivity environment.
You will find this term commonly used in Web Development, Frameworks
Groovy Programming Language
A dynamic language for the Java platform designed to enhance developer productivity through simplification and optionality.
You will find this term commonly used in Programming Languages, Software Development
Groovy Scripting Language
An object-oriented programming language for the Java platform. It is a dynamic language with features similar to those of Python, Ruby, Perl, and Smalltalk.
You will find this term commonly used in Software Development
Ground-Truth Data
Data that is known to be accurate, used as a baseline for training machine learning models or for benchmarking algorithms.
You will find this term commonly used in AI, Machine Learning
Grounding in Communication
Establishing a shared understanding or common knowledge among participants in an interaction, important in user interface design and AI.
You will find this term commonly used in HCI, AI
Group Chat
A form of instant messaging or online chat where a group of people have a conversation or share information in a virtual room.
You will find this term commonly used in Communications / Networking
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