IT Glossary
Key Terms To Know In The IT Industry
Free Software
Software that grants users the freedom to run, copy, distribute, study, change, and improve the software. Free software is more about liberty than price, and it must be distributed under terms that allow these freedoms to be preserved.
You will find this term commonly used in General IT, Software Development
Free Software License
A license under which software is freely available for modification, use, and redistribution, subject to certain conditions that preserve the same freedoms for others.
You will find this term commonly used in General IT, Open Source
Free Space Optics (FSO)
A technology that uses light propagated in free space (air, outer space, vacuum) to wirelessly transmit data for telecommunications or computer networking.
You will find this term commonly used in Networking
Free Space Path Loss (FSPL)
The loss of power over a line-of-sight path in free space, typically used in telecommunications to analyze the strength of radio signals over long distances.
You will find this term commonly used in Networking, Telecommunications
Free/Open Source Software (FOSS) Audit
An examination of a software project to identify and evaluate all the open-source components it uses. This can help ensure compliance with open source licenses, identify potential security vulnerabilities, and manage dependencies.
You will find this term commonly used in Software Development, Security
Frequency Bin
In digital signal processing, a range of frequencies defined within a specific window, used for analyzing signals in the frequency domain.
You will find this term commonly used in Networking, Signal Processing
Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM)
A technique whereby the total bandwidth available in a communication medium is divided into a series of non-overlapping frequency bands, each of which is used to carry a separate signal.
You will find this term commonly used in Networking
Frequency Hopping
A method used in wireless communications to spread signals over rapidly changing frequencies, each allocated for a short duration. This technique reduces interference and improves security, making it harder for eavesdroppers to intercept communications.
You will find this term commonly used in Networking, Security
Frequency Modulation (FM)
A method of transmitting information over a carrier wave by varying its frequency. Commonly used in radio broadcasting.
You will find this term commonly used in Broadcasting, Telecommunications
Frequency Modulation (FM) Synthesis
A method of sound synthesis that is central to digital audio processing and music technology, involving altering a waveform's frequency to produce new sounds.
You will find this term commonly used in Digital Signal Processing, Multimedia
Frequency Scaling
In computing, the technique of adjusting the frequency of the processor's operational clock to manage power consumption and heat generation. Dynamic frequency scaling allows a processor to run at a lower frequency to save power or reduce heat.
You will find this term commonly used in Hardware, Operating Systems
Front-end
The part of a website or application that users interact with directly. It is everything that users experience visually: texts, images, sliders, and interactive elements.
You will find this term commonly used in Software Development
Front-end Developer
Specializes in developing the visual and interactive elements of web applications users interact with directly.
You will find this term commonly used in Web Development
Front-end Development
The development of the graphical user interface of a website, through the use of HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, so that users can view and interact with that website.
You will find this term commonly used in Software Development
Front-End Encryption
Encrypting data on the client-side before it is sent across the network to ensure data privacy and security.
You will find this term commonly used in Security, Web Development
Front-End Engineering Design (FEED)
The process in engineering design projects that comes after conceptual design and before detailed design. It involves the detailed planning and layout of processes and systems.
You will find this term commonly used in Software Development, System Design
Front-End Loader
A development tool or script that prepares and loads the front-end resources of a web application for client-side use.
You will find this term commonly used in Web Development
Front-end Optimization
The process of improving aspects of a website that affect its loading time and user experience on the client-side, such as minifying CSS and JavaScript files, optimizing images, and implementing lazy loading for faster page rendering.
You will find this term commonly used in Web Development
Front-End Processor
A specialized computer that manages communications to and from a mainframe computer, handling all data formatting, transmission, and reception.
You will find this term commonly used in Networking, General IT
Front-End Scripting
The practice of writing scripts in languages like JavaScript that run on the client-side (in the user's web browser) to create interactive and dynamic web pages. This is a key component of web development, enhancing user experience and web application functionality.
You will find this term commonly used in Web Development
Front-End Testing
The testing of the front-end components of a web application or website, focusing on the user interface and user experience aspects. It ensures that the application behaves as expected across different browsers and devices.
You will find this term commonly used in Software Testing, Development
Frontend Framework
A software framework that is designed to support the development of web applications including web services, web resources, and web APIs. Frameworks provide a standard way to build and deploy web applications on the World Wide Web.
You will find this term commonly used in Software Development
Frontend Integration
The process of combining various front-end technologies and services into a cohesive user interface. This can involve integrating different web services, APIs, and third-party tools to create a seamless experience for the user.
You will find this term commonly used in Web Development
FSF (Free Software Foundation)
A nonprofit with a worldwide mission to promote computer user freedom. It advocates for the freedom to study, distribute, create, and modify computer software.
You will find this term commonly used in General IT, Software Development
FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
A standard network protocol used for the transfer of computer files between a client and server on a computer network.
You will find this term commonly used in Networking, General IT
FTP Anonymous Access
A method of accessing an FTP server that allows users to log in without providing a username and password. Anonymous access is often used to distribute files publicly but poses security risks if not carefully managed.
You will find this term commonly used in Networking, Security
FTP Client
A software that enables a user to upload, download, and manage files on a remote FTP server.
You will find this term commonly used in Networking, General IT
FTP Over SSL (FTPS)
An extension of the File Transfer Protocol (FTP) that adds support for the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) and Transport Layer Security (TLS) cryptographic protocols. FTPS ensures secure transmission of data over the Internet.
You will find this term commonly used in Networking, Security
FTPS (FTP Secure)
An extension of FTP (File Transfer Protocol) that adds support for the Transport Layer Security (TLS) and the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) cryptographic protocols.
You will find this term commonly used in Networking, Security
Full Homomorphic Encryption (FHE)
An encryption method that allows computation on ciphertexts, generating an encrypted result which, when decrypted, matches the result of operations performed on the plaintext. This allows data to be processed securely without exposing it at any point.
You will find this term commonly used in Security, Cryptography
Full Stack Developer
A developer who has the ability to work on all aspects of a web application, including front-end, back-end, database, version controlling, and debugging.
You will find this term commonly used in Software Development
Full Stack Framework
An application framework that provides both backend and frontend development tools and libraries. Full stack frameworks aim to simplify the development process by offering a unified environment for client-side and server-side programming.
You will find this term commonly used in Software Development
Full Stack Network Engineer
An IT professional with expertise across all layers of network infrastructure, from physical cabling and network topologies to network services and applications.
You will find this term commonly used in Networking, General IT
Full Stack Testing
A comprehensive testing strategy that covers all layers of a web application, from the front end (user interface) to the back end (databases and server-side logic), as well as the software's infrastructure and network. Full stack testing ensures the application functions correctly as a whole.
You will find this term commonly used in Software Testing
Full Virtualization
A virtualization technique used to provide a virtual machine environment that is a complete simulation of the underlying hardware. Full virtualization allows an unmodified guest operating system to be run in isolation.
You will find this term commonly used in Cloud Computing, Networking
Full-Disk Encryption (FDE)
A method of data protection that encrypts all the data on a disk drive, including the operating system, application files, and user data. FDE protects the data in case the physical disk is stolen or accessed by an unauthorized party.
You will find this term commonly used in Security, Data Protection
Full-Duplex
A communication system that allows two or more entities to transmit information to each other simultaneously. In networking, full-duplex can increase the efficiency of communication protocols.
You will find this term commonly used in Networking
Full-stack Developer
Works on both the front-end and back-end of web applications, handling project development from start to finish.
You will find this term commonly used in Web Development
Full-stack Networking
An approach in networking that involves understanding and working across all layers of the networking stack, from the physical infrastructure to the application layer. This is important for designing and troubleshooting complex networked systems.
You will find this term commonly used in Networking, Cloud Computing
Full-Text Database
A database that allows for the storage and search of documents or database entries as complete texts.
You will find this term commonly used in Data Management, Database Design
Full-Text Indexing
The process of creating an index of every word in a set of documents or database records to support comprehensive and rapid search queries.
You will find this term commonly used in Data Management
Full-Text Search
A search technique that scans all the words in every stored document as it tries to match search criteria (e.g., text queries). It is widely used in databases and search engines to provide quick, comprehensive searches of text-based content.
You will find this term commonly used in Databases, Web Development
Function (in Programming)
A block of organized, reusable code that is used to perform a single, related action. Functions are fundamental to procedural programming, and many languages have built-in functions that perform specific operations.
You will find this term commonly used in Software Development
Function as a Microservice
A design approach where individual functions or services are deployed as independent microservices, often in a serverless computing environment. This allows for scaling, updating, and managing functions separately for greater flexibility and efficiency.
You will find this term commonly used in Cloud Computing, Software Development
Function as a Proxy (FaaP)
A serverless computing model where functions are deployed to act as proxies for more complex operations or services, often enabling lightweight and flexible integrations between different systems or components. FaaP can simplify architecture by abstracting underlying services.
You will find this term commonly used in Cloud Computing, Software Development
Function Call Overhead
The performance cost associated with invoking a function in programming, particularly relevant in languages and environments where function calls are frequent.
You will find this term commonly used in Software Development, Performance Optimization
Function Currying
A functional programming technique of converting a function that takes multiple arguments into a sequence of functions each with a single argument.
You will find this term commonly used in Software Development
Function Key
A key on a computer or terminal keyboard which can be programmed so as to cause an operating system to perform certain actions. Function keys are typically labeled F1 through F12 or F15 and can perform default actions or custom shortcuts in applications.
You will find this term commonly used in Hardware, User Interface
Function Overloading
A feature in many programming languages that allows the creation of several functions with the same name, which differ from each other in the type or number of their parameters.
You will find this term commonly used in Software Development
Function Point Analysis
A standardized method to measure software development effort and size based on the functionality delivered to the user. Function point analysis considers elements such as inputs, outputs, user interactions, files, and external interfaces.
You will find this term commonly used in Software Development, Management
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