IT Glossary
Key Terms To Know In The IT Industry
Flash Memory Erasure
The process of removing all data from flash memory, typically involving resetting all bits to a high state (1). Flash memory must be erased before being reprogrammed because flash memory devices can only directly flip bits from 1 to 0.
You will find this term commonly used in Hardware, Data Storage
Flash Over Provisioning
A technique used in solid-state drives (SSD) where extra capacity is allocated to help manage wear leveling and improve the drive's lifespan and performance.
You will find this term commonly used in Storage, Hardware
Flash Over-The-Air (FOTA)
A technology used to update the firmware of a device wirelessly, without requiring physical access to the device.
You will find this term commonly used in Mobile Development, IoT
Flash Programming
The process of updating or modifying the firmware of flash-memory devices through a software interface.
You will find this term commonly used in Embedded Systems
Flash Storage
A type of non-volatile storage that uses flash memory to store data, even without power. It's faster and more reliable than traditional hard drives.
You will find this term commonly used in Hardware, General IT
Flash Translation Layer (FTL)
Software that manages the placement of data in flash memory. It translates between the logical addresses used by the system software and the physical addresses of the flash memory, handling wear leveling, bad block management, and garbage collection.
You will find this term commonly used in Hardware, General IT
Flash-based Storage
Storage media that use flash memory for data retention. Flash-based storage devices, such as SSDs (Solid State Drives), USB flash drives, and memory cards, offer faster access times and greater durability compared to traditional magnetic hard drives.
You will find this term commonly used in Hardware, Storage
Flash-Crowd Effect
A sudden surge in traffic to a specific website or network, often as a result of an event that prompts a large number of people to access the same digital resources simultaneously.
You will find this term commonly used in Networking, Web Development
Flat File
A simple database system that stores all data in a single file or table. It is called "flat" because it has minimal structure, typically consisting of a row for each record, with fields separated by delimiters.
You will find this term commonly used in General IT, Databases
Flat Management Network
A network design where all nodes communicate with each other without hierarchical routing, often used within data centers.
You will find this term commonly used in Networking
Flat Network
A network design approach where all devices are connected to the same network switch or hub, without hierarchical routing, making them equally accessible to one another. It simplifies configuration but can be less scalable and secure than segmented network designs.
You will find this term commonly used in Networking
Flexbox
A CSS layout model that allows for the arrangement of elements on a page such that they behave predictably when the page layout must accommodate different screen sizes and display devices.
You will find this term commonly used in Web Development
Flexibility in Design
The principle of designing systems, software, or architectures to easily accommodate changes or expansions in functionality without major overhauls.
You will find this term commonly used in Software Development, Systems Design
Flip Chip Packaging
A semiconductor packaging technique where the chip is "flipped" so that the active area is facing down towards the printed circuit board (PCB). This allows for shorter interconnects, improved performance, and reduced size.
You will find this term commonly used in Hardware, Electronics
Flip-flop
A digital electronic circuit used to store a binary state, being a basic building block of memory and sequential logic circuits. Flip-flops can hold a single bit of data and are used in various applications, including registers, counters, and memory devices.
You will find this term commonly used in Hardware, Electronics
Floating Data
Data collected from mobile devices and other non-fixed sources that can be used for dynamic, real-time applications, such as traffic management systems.
You will find this term commonly used in AI, Data Analysis
Floating IP
An IP address that can be dynamically reassigned to any node in a network or cloud environment. This flexibility is useful for failover, high availability, and mobile IP scenarios, ensuring services remain accessible even in the event of a node failure.
You will find this term commonly used in Networking, Cloud Computing
Floating License
A software licensing approach where a limited number of licenses for a software application are shared among a larger number of users over time. When an active user closes the application, the license becomes available for another user.
You will find this term commonly used in Software Development, Management
Floating Point
A method of representing an approximation of real numbers in a way that can support a wide range of values. The term is derived from the fact that a number's decimal point can "float"; that is, it can be placed anywhere relative to the significant digits of the number.
You will find this term commonly used in Software Development, General IT
Floating Point Representation
A method of representing real numbers in a way that can support a wide range of values. The IEEE Standard for Floating-Point Arithmetic (IEEE 754) is a widely-used standard that defines the format for floating-point numbers, operations, and rounding behavior.
You will find this term commonly used in Software Development, Hardware
Floating-Point Unit (FPU)
A specialized part of a computer's CPU designed to perform operations on floating-point numbers, which are numbers with decimal points.
You will find this term commonly used in Computing, Hardware
FLOPS (Floating Point Operations Per Second)
A measure of computer performance, especially in fields of scientific calculations that make heavy use of floating-point calculations, indicative of the number of floating-point operations that can be performed by a computer in one second.
You will find this term commonly used in Hardware, General IT, AI
FLOPS Efficiency
A measure of a computer's performance in executing floating-point operations per second, relative to its maximum theoretical performance.
You will find this term commonly used in Computing, Performance Analysis
Flow Analysis
The study of data flows within a system or process, often used in software engineering and information systems to identify the movement of information between components and optimize processes for efficiency and security.
You will find this term commonly used in Software Development, Networking
Flow Control
A technique for managing the pace of data transmission between two nodes to prevent a fast sender from overwhelming a slow receiver.
You will find this term commonly used in Networking
Flow Control Mechanism
Techniques used in networking to prevent data congestion by controlling the pace of data transmission between two or more devices.
You will find this term commonly used in Networking
Flow Control Protocol
A set of rules governing how much data can be sent and how fast it can be sent over a network or communication channel. Flow control protocols prevent data overflow at the receiver by managing the data transmission rate.
You will find this term commonly used in Networking, Telecommunications
Flow Control Window
In computer networking, a technique used in TCP/IP to control the amount of data that can be sent before requiring an acknowledgment, preventing network congestion.
You will find this term commonly used in Networking
Flow Cytometry
A technology that is used to analyze the physical and chemical characteristics of particles in a fluid as it passes through at least one laser. While not IT-exclusive, its data analysis applications are significant in bioinformatics.
You will find this term commonly used in Bioinformatics
Flow Metering
The measurement of the amount of data that passes through a network interface over a given period of time.
You will find this term commonly used in Networking, System Monitoring
Flow Programming
A programming paradigm that emphasizes the application's logic as a series of transformations on data streams or "flows," making it particularly suited for data processing and parallel computing.
You will find this term commonly used in Software Development, AI
Flow-based Programming
A programming paradigm that defines applications as networks of "black box" processes, which exchange data across predefined connections by message passing. These processes can be reconnected easily to form different applications without modifying the internal logic.
You will find this term commonly used in Software Development
Flowchart
A diagram that represents a workflow or process, showing the steps as boxes of various kinds, and their order by connecting them with arrows. It's a useful tool in both designing new processes and improving existing ones.
You will find this term commonly used in General IT, Software Development
Flowchart Software
Software used to create flowcharts, which are diagrams that represent a process or algorithm. They are useful for visualizing complex processes and are widely used in business analysis, software engineering, and process documentation.
You will find this term commonly used in Software Development
Flowcharting
A method of visually representing algorithms, workflows, or processes using symbols and arrows to show the flow of control. Flowcharts are used in software development for planning, documenting, and communicating complex processes in a clear and understandable way.
You will find this term commonly used in Software Development
Fluent Interface
A method of coding that provides more readable code, often used in object-oriented languages to implement method chaining.
You will find this term commonly used in General IT, Software Development
Fluid Dynamics Simulation
The use of computational algorithms to simulate the flow of fluids. It's not strictly an IT term but is used in computational fluid dynamics software for simulations in engineering.
You will find this term commonly used in General IT, Software Development
Fluid Layout
A web design approach where layout dimensions are specified in relative units (such as percentages), which allows the design to adapt to the viewing environment, providing better accessibility and user experience across different devices.
You will find this term commonly used in Software Development
Flushing DNS
The process of clearing the DNS cache, removing all the information that your computer has stored regarding website names and their corresponding IP addresses.
You will find this term commonly used in Networking, Security
Flutter
An open-source UI software development kit created by Google. It's used to develop applications for Android, iOS, Linux, Mac, Windows, Google Fuchsia, and the web from a single codebase.
You will find this term commonly used in Software Development
Flutter Engine
The underlying software development kit powering Flutter, Google's UI toolkit for crafting natively compiled applications for mobile, web, and desktop from a single codebase. The Flutter Engine is written primarily in C++ and supports rendering, I/O, and plugin architecture.
You will find this term commonly used in Software Development
Flutter SDK
A popular open-source framework by Google for building natively compiled applications for mobile, web, and desktop from a single codebase. It provides a fast and expressive way for developers to build user interfaces.
You will find this term commonly used in Software Development
Flutter Widgets
The core building blocks of the Flutter framework, used to create and manage the user interface in mobile and web applications developed with Flutter.
You will find this term commonly used in Software Development, Mobile Development
Flyweight Pattern
A software design pattern that minimizes memory use by sharing as much data as possible with related objects; it is particularly useful in the creation of large numbers of objects.
You will find this term commonly used in Software Development, Design Patterns
FM Radio Data System (RDS)
A communications protocol standard for embedding small amounts of digital information in conventional FM radio broadcasts.
You will find this term commonly used in Multimedia, Broadcasting
FMEA (Failure Modes and Effects Analysis)
A step-by-step approach for identifying all possible failures in a design, a manufacturing or assembly process, or a product or service. It is used to determine the effect of failures on system reliability and to identify the parts that are most in need of change.
You will find this term commonly used in General IT, Quality Assurance
Focused Crawling
A web crawling technique that uses algorithms to download only web pages that are relevant to a predefined set of topics.
You will find this term commonly used in Web Technologies, AI
Fog Computing
An architectural extension of cloud computing, which involves the deployment of data handling resources and application services closer to the edge of the network, to improve efficiency and reduce the amount of data that needs to move across the network.
You will find this term commonly used in Cloud Computing, Networking
Fog Layer
An architectural layer in fog computing that distributes computing, storage, and networking services closer to end devices, along the cloud-to-thing continuum. It is designed to reduce latency, network traffic, and enhance the processing of IoT data.
You will find this term commonly used in Cloud Computing, IoT
Fog Networking
An architectural extension of cloud computing, which involves bringing computing, storage, and networking services closer to end devices, at the network edge.
You will find this term commonly used in Networking, Cloud Computing
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