IT Glossary
Key Terms To Know In The IT Industry
R-value
In programming, it refers to a data value that is not assignable to a variable. It typically represents the right hand side of an assignment operation.
You will find this term commonly used in Software Development, Programming Concepts
RADIUS Server
A network server that implements RADIUS protocol to authenticate, authorize, and account for user access and data usage.
You will find this term commonly used in Networking, Security
RAID
RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks) is a data storage technology that combines multiple disk drives into a single logical unit to improve performance, redundancy, and fault tolerance of data storage systems.
You will find this term commonly used in Data Storage, Hardware, Data Protection
RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks)
A data storage technology that combines multiple physical disk drives into a single logical unit for performance, redundancy, or both.
You will find this term commonly used in General IT
RAID Controller
A device or software that manages RAID configurations, handling the process of distributing data across multiple disks for redundancy and performance.
You will find this term commonly used in Hardware, Storage
RAID Level
Different configurations of RAID, including RAID 0, RAID 1, RAID 5, RAID 10, etc., each offering different balances of performance, redundancy, and capacity.
You will find this term commonly used in General IT, Storage
RAID Partition
A partition of a hard drive that is used within a RAID configuration to increase performance or provide fault tolerance.
You will find this term commonly used in General IT, Storage
RAID Reconstruction
The process of recreating data across RAID array disks to restore data from damaged or failed disks.
You will find this term commonly used in Storage, Data Recovery
RAM (Random Access Memory)
Computer memory that allows data to be accessed quickly by the CPU, typically volatile and used for temporary storage.
You will find this term commonly used in General IT, Hardware
RAM Disk
A virtual disk that uses a portion of RAM as storage, faster than hard disks but volatile.
You will find this term commonly used in Hardware, Performance
Ransomware
Malware that encrypts a victim's files and demands payment (usually in cryptocurrency) for their release.
You will find this term commonly used in Cybersecurity
Ransomware Protection
Strategies and technologies designed to prevent ransomware attacks, including software solutions and best practices for data protection.
You will find this term commonly used in Security, Cybersecurity
Ransomware-as-a-Service (RaaS)
A model of cybercrime where ransomware creators sell or lease out their ransomware to other criminals, who then carry out attacks.
You will find this term commonly used in Security, Cybersecurity
Rapid Application Development (RAD)
A software development methodology that emphasizes quick prototype releases and iterations.
You will find this term commonly used in Software Development, Methodologies
Rate Encoding
A method in digital communication that adjusts the rate at which data is sent over a communication channel.
You will find this term commonly used in Networking, Data Communication
Rate Limiting
The practice of controlling the rate of requests sent or received by a network interface controller to prevent overload.
You will find this term commonly used in Networking, Security
Rate Limiting API
A technique used to control the amount of incoming or outgoing API requests to or from a system within a given timeframe.
You will find this term commonly used in Software Development, API Management
Rate-Limiting
The process of controlling the amount of incoming or outgoing traffic to or from a network or an application, often used to prevent spam or to manage the load on a network.
You will find this term commonly used in Networking, Security
Raw Data
Data collected from a source, which has not yet been processed or analyzed.
You will find this term commonly used in Data Analysis, Data Processing
RDBMS (Relational Database Management System)
A database management system based on the relational model introduced by E.F. Codd. Examples include Oracle, MySQL, Microsoft SQL Server, and PostgreSQL.
You will find this term commonly used in General IT, Database
React (also React.js or ReactJS)
A JavaScript library for building user interfaces, primarily for web applications.
You will find this term commonly used in Software Development, Web Development
React Hooks
Functions that let developers "hook into" React state and lifecycle features from function components.
You will find this term commonly used in Software Development, Web Development
React Native
An open-source mobile application framework created by Facebook to develop applications for Android, iOS, Web, and UWP by enabling developers to use React along with native platform capabilities.
You will find this term commonly used in Software Development, Mobile Development
Reactive Extensions (Rx)
A library for composing asynchronous and event-based programs using observable sequences and LINQ-style query operators.
You will find this term commonly used in Software Development, Programming
Reactive Programming
A declarative programming paradigm concerned with data streams and the propagation of change.
You will find this term commonly used in Software Development
Reactive Systems
Systems that are responsive, resilient, elastic, and message-driven, designed to cope with failure and high load.
You will find this term commonly used in Software Development, System Architecture
Read Committed
A level of SQL transaction isolation that guarantees that any data read is committed at the moment it is read.
You will find this term commonly used in Database, SQL
Read-Eval-Print Loop (REPL)
An interactive programming environment that takes single user inputs (expressions), evaluates them, and returns the result to the user.
You will find this term commonly used in Software Development, Tools
Read-Only Memory (ROM)
A type of non-volatile storage medium that is used in computers and other electronic devices. Data stored in ROM cannot be electronically modified after the manufacture of the memory device.
You will find this term commonly used in Hardware, General IT
Read-Through Cache
A caching pattern where reads from the cache that result in a cache miss will automatically pull the missing data from the source, cache it, and return it.
You will find this term commonly used in Software Development, Performance Optimization
Real User Monitoring (RUM)
A type of performance analysis that captures and analyzes each transaction by users of a website or application.
You will find this term commonly used in Web Development, Performance Analysis
Real-time Analytics
Real-time analytics involves the analysis of data as it is generated or received, enabling immediate insights and decision-making based on the most current information available.
You will find this term commonly used in Data Analytics, Real-time Processing
Real-Time Clock (RTC)
An electronic device (often an integrated circuit) that measures the passage of time. It is used in various devices for maintaining accurate time.
You will find this term commonly used in Hardware, Embedded Systems
Real-time Collaboration
Real-time collaboration involves multiple users working together on a project or task simultaneously, sharing and editing documents, data, or information in real-time, regardless of their geographical locations.
You will find this term commonly used in Collaboration, Communication, Remote Work
Real-Time Communication
Systems that provide real-time information transfer between devices.
You will find this term commonly used in Networking, Communication
Real-time Data Processing
The processing of data immediately after it is captured or recognized, allowing decisions to be made promptly based on the latest information.
You will find this term commonly used in Data Analysis, Information Processing
Real-Time Operating System (RTOS)
An operating system intended to serve real-time applications that process data as it comes in, typically without buffer delays.
You will find this term commonly used in Software Development, Embedded Systems
Real-Time Processing
The processing of data immediately after capture, often necessary in time-sensitive operations such as navigation or live data broadcasting.
You will find this term commonly used in Data Analysis, General IT
ReCAPTCHA
A system designed to establish that a computer user is human (not a bot) by requiring the user to complete a test that a computer is unable to solve.
You will find this term commonly used in Web Development, Security
ReCAPTCHA v3
The latest version of reCAPTCHA by Google, aiming to improve user experience by eliminating the need for challenges.
You will find this term commonly used in Web Development, Security
Reconciliation
The process of ensuring that two sets of records (usually the balances of two accounts) are in agreement. In IT, it's often used in data processing and database management to ensure consistency.
You will find this term commonly used in Database, Data Management
Record Locking
A technique used in database management systems to control access to a database record in a multi-user environment.
You will find this term commonly used in Database, Concurrency Control
Record Management
The practice of identifying, classifying, archiving, preserving, and destroying records.
You will find this term commonly used in Data Management, Compliance
Recovery Model
In SQL Server, a database property that controls transaction log maintenance on a database. Recovery models are primarily designed to control log maintenance.
You will find this term commonly used in Database, Security
Recovery Point Objective (RPO)
The maximum targeted period in which data might be lost from an IT service due to a major incident.
You will find this term commonly used in Security, Business Continuity
Recovery Site
A site that a company uses to recover and restore its technology infrastructure and operations when its primary site becomes unavailable due to disaster or other disruptive events.
You will find this term commonly used in Business Continuity, Disaster Recovery
Recovery Time Objective (RTO)
The targeted duration of time and a service level within which a business process must be restored after a disaster or disruption.
You will find this term commonly used in Security, Business Continuity
Recursion
In computer science, a method where the solution to a problem depends on solutions to smaller instances of the same problem.
You will find this term commonly used in Software Development, Algorithms
Recursive DNS Query
A type of DNS query in which the DNS server will fully resolve the request, handling all the necessary queries to track down the DNS record.
You will find this term commonly used in Networking, Internet
Recursive Function
A function that calls itself directly or indirectly in order to solve a problem.
You will find this term commonly used in Software Development, Algorithms
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