IT Glossary
Key Terms To Know In The IT Industry
Permutation
The arrangement of all or part of a set of objects, with regard to the order of the arrangement. It's a concept used in various computing fields, including cryptography and algorithms.
You will find this term commonly used in Algorithms, Cryptography
Persistence
The ability of data to remain stored and accessible even after the application or system is shut down.
You will find this term commonly used in General IT, Data Storage
Persistent Storage
Storage that retains data even when power is turned off, such as hard disk drives (HDDs) and solid-state drives (SSDs).
You will find this term commonly used in Data Storage, General IT
Personal Area Network (PAN)
A network connecting devices in close proximity, typically within the range of an individual person, such as Bluetooth devices.
You will find this term commonly used in Networking, General IT
Personal Identification Number (PIN)
A numeric or alphanumeric password used in the process of authenticating a user accessing a secure system or device.
You will find this term commonly used in Security, General IT
Personalization
Tailoring products, services, or content to individual user preferences or characteristics.
You will find this term commonly used in AI, Web Development
PGP (Pretty Good Privacy)
A data encryption and decryption program used for secure communication and data storage.
You will find this term commonly used in Security, Cryptography
Phablet
A mobile device that combines the features of a phone and a tablet.
You will find this term commonly used in General IT, Mobile Devices
Phantom Power
A method of transmitting electrical power through microphone cables to operate microphones that contain active electronic circuitry. It is also used in various computing and audio devices.
You will find this term commonly used in Electronics, Audio Tech
Phase-Shift Keying (PSK)
A digital modulation process which conveys data by changing (modulating) the phase of a reference signal (the carrier wave). It's widely used in wireless communications.
You will find this term commonly used in Telecommunications
Phishing
A cyberattack where perpetrators attempt to trick individuals into revealing sensitive information, such as passwords or financial data.
You will find this term commonly used in Cybersecurity
Phishing Email
A fraudulent email that attempts to deceive recipients into revealing sensitive information or taking malicious actions, often by impersonating trusted entities.
You will find this term commonly used in Cybersecurity, Security
Photonic Computing
The use of photons (light particles) for computing, rather than traditional electrons. It promises much faster data processing speeds and lower energy consumption than electronic computing.
You will find this term commonly used in Computing, Research
PHP
A server-side scripting language commonly used for web development.
You will find this term commonly used in General IT, Programming
Physical Layer
The first and lowest layer in the OSI model of computer networking. It is concerned with the transmission and reception of the unstructured raw bit stream over a physical medium.
You will find this term commonly used in Networking
Physical Security
Measures taken to protect physical assets, premises, and resources from unauthorized access, damage, or theft.
You will find this term commonly used in Security, Cybersecurity
PID Controller
A control loop feedback mechanism widely used in industrial control systems. A PID Controller calculates an error value as the difference between a desired setpoint and a measured process variable and corrects it based on proportional, integral, and derivative terms.
You will find this term commonly used in Automation, Control Systems
Piggybacking
The unauthorized access of a wireless LAN. In a broader sense, it can refer to using someone else's resources for your own purposes without permission.
You will find this term commonly used in Security, Networking
PII (Personally Identifiable Information)
Information that can be used on its own or with other information to identify, contact, or locate a single person, or to identify an individual in context.
You will find this term commonly used in Security, Privacy
Ping
A utility used to test the reachability of a host on a network.
You will find this term commonly used in Networking
Ping of Death
A type of cyber attack that exploits vulnerabilities in the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP).
You will find this term commonly used in Cybersecurity, Networking
Ping Sweep
A technique used to discover active hosts within a specific range of IP addresses.
You will find this term commonly used in Networking, Security
Pixel
The smallest unit of a digital image or graphic that can be displayed and edited on a computer screen. Composed of one or more bits of data, pixels are the building blocks of digital images.
You will find this term commonly used in Graphics, Web Design
PKI (Public Key Infrastructure)
Already included as "Public Key Infrastructure (PKI)"
You will find this term commonly used in -
Placeholder
Text or graphics used in a document or web form to indicate where user input or content should be placed. It provides hints about what information is needed or how it should be entered.
You will find this term commonly used in Web Development, UI Design
Plaintext
Unencrypted text or data that is readable without the need for decryption. It is the original message or data that is input into an encryption algorithm.
You will find this term commonly used in Cryptography
Platform
A hardware or software environment where programs run.
You will find this term commonly used in General IT
Platform Agnostic
A term used to describe software or applications that are compatible with multiple operating systems or platforms without requiring modification.
You will find this term commonly used in General IT, Software Development
Platform as a Service (PaaS)
A cloud computing model where providers offer a platform allowing customers to develop, run, and manage applications without dealing with infrastructure.
You will find this term commonly used in Cloud Computing, Software Development
Platform Integration
The process of enabling various software and hardware platforms to work together, often involving the integration of applications, systems, and services within an enterprise or between enterprises.
You will find this term commonly used in Software Development
Plug and Play
The ability of a computer system to automatically detect and configure hardware peripherals.
You will find this term commonly used in General IT
Plug-In
A software component that adds specific features or functionality to an existing application.
You will find this term commonly used in Software Development, General IT
Plug-In Hybrid
A vehicle with both a conventional internal combustion engine and a rechargeable battery.
You will find this term commonly used in Automotive Technology, Green Technology
PMP (Project Management Professional)
Recognized globally for project management, focusing on leading projects and teams.
You will find this term commonly used in Project Management
Pop-Up
A small window that appears on top of a webpage or application to display additional information or prompt user interaction.
You will find this term commonly used in Web Development, General IT
Port
A communication endpoint in a computer system used for transferring data between different processes or devices.
You will find this term commonly used in Networking
Port Forwarding
Redirecting network traffic from one port to another.
You will find this term commonly used in Networking, Security
Portability
The ease with which software or hardware can be transferred from one environment to another.
You will find this term commonly used in General IT
PostgreSQL
An open-source relational database management system known for its reliability and robust feature set.
You will find this term commonly used in General IT, Database
Power Efficiency
The ratio of useful power output to total power input in a system or device.
You will find this term commonly used in Green Technology, Hardware
Power Management
Controlling and optimizing the power usage of devices.
You will find this term commonly used in General IT, Networking
Power Supply
A device that provides electrical energy to an electrical load.
You will find this term commonly used in Hardware, General IT
Power Supply Unit (PSU)
A device that converts electrical power from an outlet into usable power for computer components, providing stable voltages and currents.
You will find this term commonly used in Hardware, General IT
Predictive Analytics
Predictive analytics is the use of data, statistical algorithms, and machine learning techniques to forecast future trends, behaviors, or outcomes based on historical data patterns, enabling proactive decision-making and planning.
You will find this term commonly used in Data Analytics, AI
Predictive Maintenance
Predictive maintenance is a maintenance strategy that uses data analysis, machine learning, and condition monitoring to predict equipment failures and schedule maintenance activities before breakdowns occur.
You will find this term commonly used in AI, Maintenance, Manufacturing
Predictive Modeling
Using statistical techniques and machine learning algorithms to predict future outcomes based on historical data.
You will find this term commonly used in AI, Data Analytics
Primary Key
A unique identifier for each record in a database table.
You will find this term commonly used in Database Management, General IT
Printer
A device that produces a physical copy of text or graphics on paper.
You will find this term commonly used in Hardware, General IT
Privacy
The protection of sensitive information from unauthorized access.
You will find this term commonly used in Security, Cybersecurity
Privacy Concerns
Issues related to the protection of personal information and the right to privacy in digital environments.
You will find this term commonly used in Security, Cybersecurity
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