IT Glossary
Key Terms To Know In The IT Industry
Operational Support Systems (OSS)
Computer systems used by telecommunications service providers to manage their networks (such as telephone networks). They support management functions such as network inventory, service provisioning, network configuration, and fault management.
You will find this term commonly used in Networking, Telecommunications
Operational Technology (OT)
Hardware and software that detects or causes a change through the direct monitoring and/or control of industrial equipment, assets, processes, and events.
You will find this term commonly used in Networking, Security
Operational Technology (OT) Security
The practice of securing industrial control systems (ICS), including systems in critical infrastructure, manufacturing, and other facilities, from physical and cyber threats.
You will find this term commonly used in Cybersecurity, Industrial Control
Operator
In programming, a symbol that represents a specific operation or process, such as addition (+), subtraction (-), or comparison (==).
You will find this term commonly used in Programming, Software Development
Operator Overloading
The process of making an operator to exhibit different behaviors in different instances, especially with respect to different data types.
You will find this term commonly used in Programming
Opt-in Email
Email that is sent to individuals who have specifically requested to receive it, a common practice in email marketing to ensure compliance with anti-spam laws.
You will find this term commonly used in Online Marketing, Compliance
Optical Character Reader (OCR)
Technology that recognizes text within a digital image. It is commonly used to recognize text in scanned documents and images.
You will find this term commonly used in AI, Document Management
Optical Character Recognition
Optical character recognition (OCR) is the process of converting images of text into machine-encoded text, allowing computers to recognize and extract text data from scanned documents, images, or other sources.
You will find this term commonly used in AI, Data Processing, Document Management
Optical Character Recognition (OCR)
The technology that enables computers to interpret and convert images of text into machine-readable text.
You will find this term commonly used in General IT
Optical Character Recognition (OCR) Technology
The mechanical or electronic conversion of images of typed, handwritten, or printed text into machine-encoded text, whether from a scanned document, a photo of a document, a scene-photo, or from subtitle text superimposed on an image.
You will find this term commonly used in AI, Document Management
Optical Character Verification (OCV)
The process of verifying that printed characters are legible and correctly formed by comparing them to a standard or template, often used in quality control processes.
You will find this term commonly used in AI, Quality Assurance
Optical Disc
A storage medium that uses a laser to read and write data on a reflective surface, such as CDs, DVDs, and Blu-ray discs.
You will find this term commonly used in Data Storage, Media, General IT
Optical Fiber
A type of high-speed transmission medium consisting of thin strands of glass or plastic that carry data using light signals.
You will find this term commonly used in Networking, Telecommunications, General IT
Optical Mark Recognition (OMR)
The process of capturing human-marked data from document forms such as surveys and tests. It is a method used to read questionnaires, multiple choice examination paper in the form of lines or shaded areas.
You will find this term commonly used in Data Processing, Education Technology
Optical Mouse
A computer pointing device that uses a light-emitting diode (LED) and optical sensor to detect movement on a surface.
You will find this term commonly used in Input Devices, Computer Peripherals, General IT
Optical Network
A type of data communication network built primarily on optical fiber technology, capable of delivering high-bandwidth connections over long distances.
You will find this term commonly used in Networking, Telecommunications
Optical Network Terminal (ONT)
A device that connects to the termination point of a provider's fiber optic network, serving as a modem to provide Internet service to a home or business.
You will find this term commonly used in Networking
Optical Networking
A communications network based on optical fibers for transmitting data using light signals.
You will find this term commonly used in Networking, Telecommunications, General IT
Optical Switching
The process of routing optical data signals without the need for converting them to electrical signals.
You will find this term commonly used in Networking, Telecommunications
Optical Turnstile
A physical security device that uses infrared beams, cameras, or other optical sensors to detect and manage pedestrian traffic flow in and out of a space without the need for a physical barrier.
You will find this term commonly used in Security, Physical Security Systems
Optical Zoom
In digital photography, the actual zoom achieved by physically adjusting the camera lens to change the focal length, thereby producing a magnified image without losing quality.
You will find this term commonly used in Hardware, Photography
Optimal Page Replacement Algorithm
An algorithm in computer science for page replacement in virtual memory systems, theoretically producing the lowest possible page fault rate. The algorithm replaces the page that will not be used for the longest period of time.
You will find this term commonly used in Operating Systems, Algorithms
Optimal Routing
The process of finding the most efficient route between nodes in a network, often used in the context of network traffic to minimize latency and maximize throughput.
You will find this term commonly used in Networking, Traffic Management
Optimization Algorithms
Algorithms designed to find the optimal solution or a near-optimal solution to computational problems within a reasonable time frame.
You will find this term commonly used in AI, Programming
Optoelectronics
The study and application of electronic devices and systems that source, detect and control light, typically considered a sub-field of photonics. In this context, light often includes invisible forms of radiation such as gamma rays, X-rays, ultraviolet and infrared, in addition to visible light.
You will find this term commonly used in Electronics, Photonics
Oracle
Provides certifications for its database and cloud solutions, including roles such as database administrator, Java programmer, and cloud architect.
You will find this term commonly used in Databases, Cloud Computing
Oracle Certified Associate, Java SE Programmer
Validates a foundational understanding of Java as well as programming in general.
You will find this term commonly used in Programming
Oracle Certified Master (OCM)
The highest Oracle certification, demonstrating a candidate's ability to administer complex Oracle databases and perform high-level database management tasks.
You will find this term commonly used in Databases
Oracle Certified Professional, Java SE Programmer
Validates expertise in the Java programming language.
You will find this term commonly used in Programming
Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI)
A cloud computing service offered by Oracle, providing servers, storage, network, applications, and services through a global network of Oracle Corporation managed data centers.
You will find this term commonly used in Cloud Computing, Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
Oracle Database
A multi-model database management system produced and marketed by Oracle Corporation, known for its comprehensive features and scalability.
You will find this term commonly used in Database Management
Oracle Exadata
A combined compute and storage system marketed by Oracle Corporation for running Oracle Database software. It is engineered to deliver high performance for both data warehousing and online transaction processing (OLTP) applications.
You will find this term commonly used in Database Management, Hardware Solutions
Oracle SQL Developer
An integrated development environment (IDE) provided by Oracle Corporation for database administrators and developers to work with SQL in Oracle databases.
You will find this term commonly used in Database Management, Development Tools
Orchestration
The automated arrangement, coordination, and management of computer systems, middleware, and services to ensure they’re integrated and functioning together.
You will find this term commonly used in Cloud Computing, Networking
Order Management System (OMS)
A software system that facilitates and manages the execution of trade orders, including order entry, execution, and settlement.
You will find this term commonly used in E-commerce, Business Management
Order to Cash (O2C or OTC)
A business process that involves receiving and fulfilling customer requests for goods or services, invoicing for those goods or services, and collecting payment. It is a crucial process for managing cash flow and revenue.
You will find this term commonly used in Business Processes, Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)
Organic Computing
A branch of computing that seeks to develop computer systems capable of self-organization, self-configuration, self-optimization, self-healing, and self-protection by drawing inspiration from the self-organizing properties of biological systems.
You will find this term commonly used in Computing Theory, Autonomous Systems
Organic LED (OLED)
A light-emitting diode (LED) in which the emissive electroluminescent layer is a film of organic compound that emits light in response to an electric current. Used in screens for mobile devices and TVs.
You will find this term commonly used in Hardware, Display Technology
Organic Search
The search results that are calculated through the search engine's algorithms, and are based on relevance to the search terms, as opposed to being advertisements.
You will find this term commonly used in Online Marketing, SEO
Organic Search Results
Listings on search engine results pages that appear because of their relevance to the search terms, as opposed to their being advertisements.
You will find this term commonly used in Online Marketing, SEO
Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards (OASIS)
A global nonprofit consortium that works on the development, convergence, and adoption of open standards for the global information society.
You will find this term commonly used in Standards, IT Governance
Organizational Behavior Management (OBM)
A subdiscipline of Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA), which is the application of the science of behavior analysis to issues within organizations to improve individual and group performance and worker safety.
You will find this term commonly used in Human Resources, General IT
Organizational Change Management (OCM)
A framework for managing the effect of new business processes, changes in organizational structure, or cultural changes within an enterprise.
You will find this term commonly used in General IT, Business Management
Organizational Information System
Systems designed to support the activities of a company or organization, enabling it to manage, organize, and analyze its data effectively. These systems encompass ERP, CRM, and other business management tools.
You will find this term commonly used in Information Systems, Business Management
Organizational Learning
The process by which organizations acquire, create, and transfer knowledge to improve performance and adapt to change.
You will find this term commonly used in Knowledge Management, Business Processes, General IT
Organizational Network Analysis (ONA)
The study of social networks within organizations, used to identify informal networks, key influencers, and other dynamics that might not be apparent through traditional organizational charts.
You will find this term commonly used in Business Intelligence, Human Resources
Original Design Manufacturer (ODM)
A company that designs and manufactures a product, as specified, that is eventually rebranded by another firm for sale.
You will find this term commonly used in Hardware, Manufacturing
Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM)
A company that produces parts and equipment that may be marketed by another manufacturer.
You will find this term commonly used in General IT, Hardware
Orphan Process
A computer process whose parent process has finished or terminated, though it remains running itself.
You will find this term commonly used in Operating Systems, Process Management
Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM)
A method of encoding digital data on multiple carrier frequencies, widely used in broadband internet applications and digital television broadcasting.
You will find this term commonly used in Networking, Telecommunications
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