IT Glossary - ITU Online IT Training
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IT Glossary
Key Terms To Know In The IT Industry

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Low-Level Format

Low-level format is the process of initializing a storage device at the lowest level, preparing it for data storage and retrieval.

You will find this term commonly used in Storage

Low-Level Language

A low-level language is a programming language that is closer to machine code and is often used for system-level programming.

You will find this term commonly used in Programming

Low-Level Programming Language

A programming language that provides little or no abstraction from a computer's instruction set architectureâcommands or functions in the language map closely to processor instructions.

You will find this term commonly used in General IT, Software Development

Low-Pass Filter

A low-pass filter is an electronic circuit that allows low-frequency signals to pass through while attenuating higher-frequency signals.

You will find this term commonly used in Hardware/Signal Processing

Low-Power Wide-Area Network (LPWAN)

A type of wireless telecommunication network designed to allow long-range communications at a low bit rate among things (connected objects), such as sensors operated on a battery. It's used in IoT applications for its efficiency and wide coverage.

You will find this term commonly used in Networking, IoT

LPI (Linux Professional Institute) Certification

Validates the skills and knowledge necessary to work with the Linux operating system.

You will find this term commonly used in Operating Systems

LRU (Least Recently Used) Algorithm

A cache replacement policy that discards the least recently used items first. This algorithm is widely used in caching solutions and virtual memory management to improve the efficiency of data access.

You will find this term commonly used in Algorithms, Memory Management

LRU (Least Recently Used) Paging

A page replacement algorithm in virtual memory systems that swaps out pages not recently used. By tracking page usage, the system can free up memory by replacing the least recently used pages, optimizing memory usage for active applications.

You will find this term commonly used in Operating Systems, Memory Management

LRU Cache (Least Recently Used)

A cache eviction algorithm that discards the least recently used items first to make space for new items.

You will find this term commonly used in General IT, Hardware

LRU Replacement Policy

A cache replacement policy that removes the least recently used items first. This approach is used in various caching mechanisms, including web browsers, operating systems, and database systems, to manage limited cache space efficiently.

You will find this term commonly used in Algorithms, Cache Management

LSI (Large Scale Integration)

LSI is a type of integrated circuit design that incorporates a large number of transistors on a single chip, typically used in microprocessors.

You will find this term commonly used in Hardware

LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory)

A type of recurrent neural network (RNN) architecture used in deep learning that is capable of learning long-term dependencies. LSTM has been used in applications such as handwriting recognition, speech recognition, and others.

You will find this term commonly used in AI

LTE (Long-Term Evolution)

A standard for wireless broadband communication for mobile devices and data terminals, based on the GSM/EDGE and UMTS/HSPA technologies.

You will find this term commonly used in Networking

Lua

A lightweight, high-level, multi-paradigm programming language designed primarily for embedded use in applications.

You will find this term commonly used in General IT, AI

Luminance

A measure of the brightness of a color, reflecting the subjective perception of light intensity produced by a source. In IT, it's relevant in image processing, video encoding, and display technology to ensure accurate color representation and contrast.

You will find this term commonly used in Graphics, Image Processing

Luminance Adjustment

In image processing, the process of changing the brightness levels of an image. Adjusting luminance can help in enhancing the visibility of features in an image or in preparing images for further processing or analysis.

You will find this term commonly used in Image Processing, Computer Graphics

Luminance Keying

A technique used in video and image processing where a specific range of luminance values within an image is made transparent, allowing for the compositing of images or videos together based on brightness. It's commonly used in green screen effects.

You will find this term commonly used in Computer Graphics, Video Editing

Luminosity Function

A function that describes the average spectral sensitivity of human visual perception of brightness. It's used in the design of display systems, image processing, and colorimetry to ensure that images and colors are perceived naturally.

You will find this term commonly used in Image Processing, Human-Computer Interaction

LUN (Logical Unit Number)

An identifier used for addressing storage devices in a SAN (Storage Area Network).

You will find this term commonly used in Networking, Storage

LUN Allocation

LUN allocation is the process of assigning logical unit numbers (LUNs) to storage devices or volumes in a storage area network (SAN).

You will find this term commonly used in Storage

LUN Mapping

LUN mapping is the process of associating logical unit numbers (LUNs) with specific storage resources in a storage area network (SAN).

You will find this term commonly used in Storage

LUN Mask

A LUN mask is a set of permissions that determines which hosts or systems can access a logical unit number (LUN) in a storage area network (SAN).

You will find this term commonly used in Storage

LUN Masking

LUN masking is a technique used in storage area networks (SANs) to control which initiators can access specific logical unit numbers (LUNs).

You will find this term commonly used in Storage

LUN Zoning

The process of allocating resources in a storage area network (SAN) by assigning a group of LUNs to a specific server.

You will find this term commonly used in Data Storage

LZ Compression

A lossless data compression algorithm that is based on the LZ77 and LZ78 algorithms, named after their inventors, Abraham Lempel and Jacob Ziv.

You will find this term commonly used in General IT, Software Development

LZ77 and LZ78

Compression algorithms designed by Abraham Lempel and Jacob Ziv. They form the basis for many other compression schemes, including GIF and the DEFLATE algorithm used in PNG and ZIP files.

You will find this term commonly used in Algorithms, Data Compression

LZW (Lempel-Ziv-Welch) Algorithm

A lossless data compression algorithm that is simple to implement and effective at compressing a wide variety of data. The LZW algorithm is widely used in formats such as GIF images and PDF files.

You will find this term commonly used in Data Compression, Algorithms

LZW (Lempel-Ziv-Welch) Compression

A lossless data compression algorithm that is simple and efficient, widely used in file formats such as GIF, TIFF, and PDF. It works by creating a dictionary of substrings encountered as it processes the data, enabling compression by replacing repeated substrings with shorter codes.

You will find this term commonly used in Data Compression

M-Commerce

Short for mobile commerce, it refers to the buying and selling of goods and services through wireless handheld devices such as smartphones and tablets.

You will find this term commonly used in E-commerce, Mobile Computing

M-learning (Mobile Learning)

The delivery of learning, education, or learning support on mobile phones, PDAs or tablets. It's an extension of e-learning.

You will find this term commonly used in General IT, Education

M2M Communications

Refers to the technologies that enable machines to communicate with each other without human intervention.

You will find this term commonly used in IoT, Networking

MaaS (Monitoring as a Service)

A delivery model that allows the monitoring of various cloud services by a third party or an internal IT department, providing a unified view of service performance and operational health.

You will find this term commonly used in Cloud Computing, Services

MAC Address

A unique identifier assigned to network interfaces for communications on a network.

You will find this term commonly used in Networking

MAC Filtering

A security access control method whereby the 48-bit address assigned to each network card is used to determine access to the network.

You will find this term commonly used in Networking, Security

Machine Code

Low-level instructions that are directly executed by a computer's CPU, typically represented in binary form.

You will find this term commonly used in General IT

Machine Identity Management

The practice of managing digital identities used by machines and applications (such as certificates, API keys, and service accounts) to enable secure communication and interactions in IT systems.

You will find this term commonly used in Security, Cybersecurity

Machine Learning

A subset of artificial intelligence that enables systems to learn and improve from experience without being explicitly programmed.

You will find this term commonly used in AI

Machine Learning Engineer

Designs and develops machine learning and deep learning systems and algorithms.

You will find this term commonly used in AI, Machine Learning

Machine Translation

Machine translation is the use of computer algorithms to translate text or speech from one language to another automatically, often leveraging techniques from natural language processing.

You will find this term commonly used in AI, Natural Language Processing

Machine Type

Refers to the classification of computers based on their architecture, operating systems, and processing capabilities.

You will find this term commonly used in General IT, Hardware

Machine Type Communication (MTC)

Refers to communication that occurs between machines without human intervention, often used in IoT contexts.

You will find this term commonly used in IoT, Networking

Machine Vision

Machine vision involves the use of cameras, sensors, and image processing algorithms to enable computers to interpret and understand visual information, similar to how humans perceive and interpret images.

You will find this term commonly used in AI, Robotics

Machine-to-Machine (M2M)

Refers to direct communication between devices using any communications channel, including wired and wireless.

You will find this term commonly used in Networking, IoT

macOS

An operating system developed by Apple Inc. for its Mac line of computers, known for its user-friendly interface.

You will find this term commonly used in General IT

Macro

A rule or pattern that specifies how a certain input sequence should be mapped to a replacement output sequence according to a defined procedure. Often used in software for automation.

You will find this term commonly used in Software Development, Productivity

Magnetic Disk

A storage device that uses magnetic storage to record and retrieve digital information using one or more rigid rapidly rotating disks (platters) coated with magnetic material.

You will find this term commonly used in Hardware, Storage

Magnetic Storage

Storage technology that uses magnetized material to store data, such as hard disk drives (HDDs) and magnetic tape.

You will find this term commonly used in General IT

Mail Relay

An email server that transfers email messages from one server to another. Often used to route emails from a client to a mail server or between mail servers.

You will find this term commonly used in Networking, Email

Mail Transfer Agent (MTA)

Software that transfers electronic mail messages from one computer to another using a client-server application architecture.

You will find this term commonly used in Networking, Email Systems

Main Memory

The primary storage in a computer that holds the operating system, application programs, and data in current use for quick access by the computer's processor.

You will find this term commonly used in General IT, Hardware

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