IT Glossary - ITU Online IT Training
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IT Glossary
Key Terms To Know In The IT Industry

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Optoelectronics

The study and application of electronic devices and systems that source, detect and control light, typically considered a sub-field of photonics. In this context, light often includes invisible forms of radiation such as gamma rays, X-rays, ultraviolet and infrared, in addition to visible light.

You will find this term commonly used in Electronics, Photonics

Oracle

Provides certifications for its database and cloud solutions, including roles such as database administrator, Java programmer, and cloud architect.

You will find this term commonly used in Databases, Cloud Computing

Oracle Certified Associate, Java SE Programmer

Validates a foundational understanding of Java as well as programming in general.

You will find this term commonly used in Programming

Oracle Certified Master (OCM)

The highest Oracle certification, demonstrating a candidate's ability to administer complex Oracle databases and perform high-level database management tasks.

You will find this term commonly used in Databases

Oracle Certified Professional, Java SE Programmer

Validates expertise in the Java programming language.

You will find this term commonly used in Programming

Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI)

A cloud computing service offered by Oracle, providing servers, storage, network, applications, and services through a global network of Oracle Corporation managed data centers.

You will find this term commonly used in Cloud Computing, Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

Oracle Database

A multi-model database management system produced and marketed by Oracle Corporation, known for its comprehensive features and scalability.

You will find this term commonly used in Database Management

Oracle Exadata

A combined compute and storage system marketed by Oracle Corporation for running Oracle Database software. It is engineered to deliver high performance for both data warehousing and online transaction processing (OLTP) applications.

You will find this term commonly used in Database Management, Hardware Solutions

Oracle SQL Developer

An integrated development environment (IDE) provided by Oracle Corporation for database administrators and developers to work with SQL in Oracle databases.

You will find this term commonly used in Database Management, Development Tools

Orchestration

The automated arrangement, coordination, and management of computer systems, middleware, and services to ensure theyâre integrated and functioning together.

You will find this term commonly used in Cloud Computing, Networking

Order Management System (OMS)

A software system that facilitates and manages the execution of trade orders, including order entry, execution, and settlement.

You will find this term commonly used in E-commerce, Business Management

Order to Cash (O2C or OTC)

A business process that involves receiving and fulfilling customer requests for goods or services, invoicing for those goods or services, and collecting payment. It is a crucial process for managing cash flow and revenue.

You will find this term commonly used in Business Processes, Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)

Organic Computing

A branch of computing that seeks to develop computer systems capable of self-organization, self-configuration, self-optimization, self-healing, and self-protection by drawing inspiration from the self-organizing properties of biological systems.

You will find this term commonly used in Computing Theory, Autonomous Systems

Organic LED (OLED)

A light-emitting diode (LED) in which the emissive electroluminescent layer is a film of organic compound that emits light in response to an electric current. Used in screens for mobile devices and TVs.

You will find this term commonly used in Hardware, Display Technology

Organic Search

The search results that are calculated through the search engine's algorithms, and are based on relevance to the search terms, as opposed to being advertisements.

You will find this term commonly used in Online Marketing, SEO

Organic Search Results

Listings on search engine results pages that appear because of their relevance to the search terms, as opposed to their being advertisements.

You will find this term commonly used in Online Marketing, SEO

Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards (OASIS)

A global nonprofit consortium that works on the development, convergence, and adoption of open standards for the global information society.

You will find this term commonly used in Standards, IT Governance

Organizational Behavior Management (OBM)

A subdiscipline of Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA), which is the application of the science of behavior analysis to issues within organizations to improve individual and group performance and worker safety.

You will find this term commonly used in Human Resources, General IT

Organizational Change Management (OCM)

A framework for managing the effect of new business processes, changes in organizational structure, or cultural changes within an enterprise.

You will find this term commonly used in General IT, Business Management

Organizational Information System

Systems designed to support the activities of a company or organization, enabling it to manage, organize, and analyze its data effectively. These systems encompass ERP, CRM, and other business management tools.

You will find this term commonly used in Information Systems, Business Management

Organizational Learning

The process by which organizations acquire, create, and transfer knowledge to improve performance and adapt to change.

You will find this term commonly used in Knowledge Management, Business Processes, General IT

Organizational Network Analysis (ONA)

The study of social networks within organizations, used to identify informal networks, key influencers, and other dynamics that might not be apparent through traditional organizational charts.

You will find this term commonly used in Business Intelligence, Human Resources

Original Design Manufacturer (ODM)

A company that designs and manufactures a product, as specified, that is eventually rebranded by another firm for sale.

You will find this term commonly used in Hardware, Manufacturing

Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM)

A company that produces parts and equipment that may be marketed by another manufacturer.

You will find this term commonly used in General IT, Hardware

Orphan Process

A computer process whose parent process has finished or terminated, though it remains running itself.

You will find this term commonly used in Operating Systems, Process Management

Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM)

A method of encoding digital data on multiple carrier frequencies, widely used in broadband internet applications and digital television broadcasting.

You will find this term commonly used in Networking, Telecommunications

Oscillation

In computing, often refers to the repetitive variation, typically in time, of some measure about a central value or between two or more different states. Used in various contexts, including signal processing and computing performance.

You will find this term commonly used in Hardware, Signal Processing

OSCP (Offensive Security Certified Professional)

Demonstrates technical skills and understanding of the penetration testing process and lifecycle.

You will find this term commonly used in Ethical Hacking, Cybersecurity

OSI Model

The Open Systems Interconnection model is a conceptual framework used to understand network communication protocols.

You will find this term commonly used in Networking, General IT, Security

Out-of-Band Management

The management and monitoring of IT infrastructure using a separate channel or network from the primary data path.

You will find this term commonly used in Network Management, Security, General IT

Out-of-Box Experience (OOBE)

The experience a consumer has when first using a new product, especially in terms of ease of setting up and starting the product. In IT, it often relates to the initial setup process of software or hardware.

You will find this term commonly used in User Experience, Hardware

Out-of-Home (OOH) Advertising

Advertising that reaches consumers while they are outside their homes, which increasingly incorporates digital and interactive technologies.

You will find this term commonly used in Marketing, Digital Signage

Out-of-the-Box

Refers to software or hardware products that are ready to use immediately without requiring additional configuration or customization.

You will find this term commonly used in Software Deployment, Hardware Installation, General IT

Outbound Firewall Rules

Firewall rules that control the traffic going out from a network or device to the internet or another network, typically to prevent unauthorized data exfiltration or to block unwanted outgoing traffic.

You will find this term commonly used in Security, Networking

Outlier Analysis

The process of identifying and analyzing data points that deviate significantly from the norm or expected pattern.

You will find this term commonly used in Data Analysis, Machine Learning, General IT

Outlier Detection

The process of identifying data points that deviate significantly from the rest of the dataset.

You will find this term commonly used in Data Analysis, Machine Learning, AI

Output Device

Hardware component that receives data from a computer and displays or otherwise conveys it to the user.

You will find this term commonly used in Hardware, General IT, User Interface

Output Management

The process of managing the generation, distribution, and archiving of documents and reports produced by an organization's IT systems.

You will find this term commonly used in Document Management, Workflow Automation, General IT

Output Stream

In computing, a stream that data is written to, typically moving data from a program to a device or file.

You will find this term commonly used in Programming, IO Operations

Outsourced IT Support

IT support services provided by external companies or individuals, often on a subscription or contract basis.

You will find this term commonly used in IT Support, Outsourcing, General IT

Outsourcing

The practice of hiring external vendors to perform tasks or provide services traditionally handled by in-house staff.

You will find this term commonly used in General IT

Over Provisioning

The practice of providing more resources or capacity than is necessary for a particular requirement to ensure performance can meet unexpected demand.

You will find this term commonly used in Cloud Computing, Storage

Over-The-Air (OTA) Broadcasting

Broadcasting of television or radio signals over the airwaves, received by antennas on consumer devices.

You will find this term commonly used in Broadcasting, Media, General IT

Over-the-Air (OTA) Updates

The process of remotely updating software or firmware on devices without requiring physical access.

You will find this term commonly used in IoT, Software Development, General IT

Over-the-Air Programming (OTAP)

The method of distributing new software, configuration settings, and even updating encryption keys to devices like mobile phones, set-top boxes, or secure voice communication equipment over a wireless network.

You will find this term commonly used in Telecommunications, Security

Over-the-Counter (OTC)

Securities traded directly between parties, often outside of formal exchanges, typically involving less regulation and oversight.

You will find this term commonly used in Finance, Trading, General IT

Over-The-Network (OTN)

Refers to processes or actions taken over a network, often involving the downloading or uploading of data or software updates without the need for physical media.

You will find this term commonly used in Networking, Software Maintenance

Over-the-Top (OTT)

Content delivery services that bypass traditional distribution channels, delivering content directly to users over the internet.

You will find this term commonly used in Media Streaming, Entertainment, General IT

Over-the-Top (OTT) Content

Digital content, such as streaming video, audio, or gaming services, delivered directly to users over the internet.

You will find this term commonly used in Media Streaming, Entertainment, General IT

Over-the-Top (OTT) Messaging

Messaging services that deliver messages over the internet, bypassing traditional SMS or MMS messaging services provided by mobile carriers.

You will find this term commonly used in Communication, Messaging, General IT

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