IT Glossary

A method of representing and storing graphical image information in an RGB color model where each color is represented by 24 bits.

Commonly used in Graphics

A standard for digital type fonts that was developed by Apple Computer, and is widely used in both Windows and Macintosh operating systems.

Commonly used in Graphics/Typography

In networking, a trunk port is a port on a switch that is configured to carry traffic for multiple VLANs. It is used to route traffic between switches and routers in a network, allowing devices in different VLANs to communicate with each other.

Commonly used in Networking

In networking, trunking is the practice of using a single communication link to carry multiple VLANs or network traffic. It is used to efficiently manage network traffic and simplify the network infrastructure.

Commonly used in Networking

A set of trusted keys used in digital security to verify the legitimacy of digital certificates and signatures.

Commonly used in Cybersecurity

In computer security, a broad approach to policies and mechanisms for ensuring the security of applications and electronic transactions, managing the trust relationships inherent in those processes.

Commonly used in Cybersecurity

In security, a trust relationship is the link established between two domains that allows users in one domain to access resources in the other domain.

Commonly used in Security, Networking

The set of all hardware, firmware, and/or software components that are critical to a system’s security.

Commonly used in Security

A secure area of a main processor. It guarantees code and data loaded inside to be protected with respect to confidentiality and integrity, thus establishing a secure execution environment for sensitive and trusted code.

Commonly used in Security, Mobile Computing

A specialized chip on an endpoint device that stores RSA encryption keys specific to the host system for hardware authentication. It is used to enhance network security.

Commonly used in Security, Hardware

A mechanism that limits the lifespan or the number of hops that data packets can take before they are discarded by a network router. TTL is used in networking to prevent data packets from circulating indefinitely.

Commonly used in Networking

A class of digital circuits built from transistors. It is used in the design of digital devices. It is notable for being a widespread integrated circuit (IC) family used in many applications such as computers, industrial controls, etc.

Commonly used in Hardware, Electronics

Originally a device for sending typed messages over telephony networks. In computing, TTY has become a shorthand for terminal devices or terminal emulators, which provide an interface to the Unix shell.

Commonly used in General IT, Unix/Linux Systems

A type of user interface that allows users to interact with the computer through a command-line or text-based interface.

Commonly used in User Interface Design

An interface that uses text characters and symbols, rather than graphics, to interact with the computer.

Commonly used in User Interface Design

A protocol that allows for the secure passage of data from one network to another through a public network.

Commonly used in Networking

The process of sending a network protocol or application through another network protocol, thereby encapsulating a protocol within another protocol.

Commonly used in Networking

In the context of databases and programming, a tuple is an ordered list of elements. In relational databases, a tuple is essentially a row that contains data for a single record.

Commonly used in Databases, Software Development

A repository of tuples (ordered lists of elements) that can be accessed concurrently.

Commonly used in Parallel Computing

An annual prize given by the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) to an individual selected for contributions of lasting and major technical importance to the computer field. Often regarded as the “Nobel Prize of Computing.”

Commonly used in General IT, Achievements

A characteristic of a system of data-manipulation rules (such as a computer’s instruction set, a programming language, or a cellular automaton) that indicates the system can simulate any Turing machine.

Commonly used in Software Development, Theory

A mathematical model of computation that defines an abstract machine, which manipulates symbols on a strip of tape according to a table of rules. It is used to understand the limits of what can be computed.

Commonly used in Computer Science, Theory

A test of a machine’s ability to exhibit intelligent behavior equivalent to, or indistinguishable from, that of a human. Proposed by Alan Turing in 1950 as a measure of a machine’s intelligence.

Commonly used in AI, Machine Learning

A type of solution that is designed to be easily implemented into a current business, system, or process without the need for significant modification or customization.

Commonly used in General IT, Business Solutions

A synchronization mechanism used to control access to a resource by multiple threads in computing.

Commonly used in Software Development

The name of the Linux kernel mascot, a penguin.

Commonly used in General IT

A device that allows a computer to receive television signals for viewing TV programs on a computer.

Commonly used in Hardware

The unused broadcasting frequencies in the wireless spectrum. TV white spaces are unused and underutilized frequencies in the television broadcasting bands that can be used to deliver broadband and other services.

Commonly used in Networking, Wireless Communications

A cloud communications platform as a service (PaaS) company that allows software developers to programmatically make and receive phone calls, send and receive text messages, and perform other communication functions using its web service APIs.

Commonly used in Cloud Computing, Communications

A type of wiring in which two conductors of a single circuit are twisted together for the purposes of improving electromagnetic compatibility. Commonly used in telephony and network cabling to reduce crosstalk between pairs.

Commonly used in Networking

A type of wiring where two conductors are twisted together to cancel out electromagnetic interference from external sources, improving reliability. It’s widely used in telecommunications and computer networks for Ethernet connections.

Commonly used in Networking

A free and open-source CSS framework directed at responsive, mobile-first front-end web development. It contains CSS- and (optionally) JavaScript-based design templates for typography, forms, buttons, navigation, and other interface components.

Commonly used in Web Development, Design

A security process that requires users to provide two different authentication factors (e.g., password and SMS code) to verify their identity.

Commonly used in Security, Cybersecurity

A type of atomic commitment protocol that ensures a distributed transaction either commits (completes successfully) on all involved systems or rolls back (fails) on all involved systems, maintaining system integrity.

Commonly used in Databases, Networking

A distributed algorithm that ensures all parts of a transaction commit if and only if all are ready to commit, ensuring data consistency across a distributed system.

Commonly used in Databases/Networking

A market platform that enables interactions between two distinct user groups that provide each other with network benefits. This concept is often relevant in e-commerce and online services where buyers and sellers interact.

Commonly used in E-commerce, Business Strategy

A security process in which users provide two distinct forms of identification before accessing their account. It’s a form of multi-factor authentication intended to provide an additional layer of security.

Commonly used in Cybersecurity

A type of client-server system architecture where the client interacts directly with the server, often used in reference to web applications where the client is a web browser and the server hosts the web app.

Commonly used in Software Development, Web Development

In web development, a form of data binding that allows for mutual data exchange between the UI and the model such that a change in one reflects immediately in the other.

Commonly used in Web Development

A symmetric key block cipher that is a contender for the Advanced Encryption Standard.

Commonly used in Cybersecurity

The process of verifying and enforcing the constraints of types—data types, at compile time or runtime. This ensures that the operations being performed on data are compatible with the data type.

Commonly used in Software Development

The process of converting a value from one data type to another.

Commonly used in Programming

A technique used in generic programming to enforce type constraints at compile time but not at runtime.

Commonly used in Software Development

The ability of a programming language to automatically deduce the type of an expression at compile time. Type inference allows the programmer to omit certain type annotations while the compiler infers the types.

Commonly used in Software Development

The extent to which a programming language discourages or prevents type errors. Type-safe languages aim to ensure that operations are performed on compatible types, reducing bugs and enhancing code reliability.

Commonly used in Software Development

The collection of rules that assign a property called a type to the various constructs of a computer program, such as variables, expressions, functions or modules.

Commonly used in Programming

An object in JavaScript that provides a mechanism for accessing raw binary data. TypedArrays are used in web applications that require high-performance and efficient data manipulation, such as audio processing, graphics, and large data processing.

Commonly used in Web Development, Programming

A programming language developed and maintained by Microsoft. It is a strict syntactical superset of JavaScript, and adds optional static typing to the language.

Commonly used in Software Development

Files in TypeScript (.d.ts files) that contain type information about an existing JavaScript codebase. These definitions allow TypeScript developers to use existing JavaScript libraries as if they were TypeScript libraries.

Commonly used in Software Development

The practice of registering domain names that are misspellings of popular websites in order to redirect traffic or phish for user information. Typo squatting exploits the likelihood of typographical errors made by Internet users.

Commonly used in Cybersecurity, Web Security