IT Glossary

Computer systems used by telecommunications service providers to manage their networks (such as telephone networks). They support management functions such as network inventory, service provisioning, network configuration, and fault management.

Commonly used in Networking, Telecommunications

Hardware and software that detects or causes a change through the direct monitoring and/or control of industrial equipment, assets, processes, and events.

Commonly used in Networking, Security

The practice of securing industrial control systems (ICS), including systems in critical infrastructure, manufacturing, and other facilities, from physical and cyber threats.

Commonly used in Cybersecurity, Industrial Control

In programming, a symbol that represents a specific operation or process, such as addition (+), subtraction (-), or comparison (==).

Commonly used in Programming, Software Development

The process of making an operator to exhibit different behaviors in different instances, especially with respect to different data types.

Commonly used in Programming

Email that is sent to individuals who have specifically requested to receive it, a common practice in email marketing to ensure compliance with anti-spam laws.

Commonly used in Online Marketing, Compliance

Technology that recognizes text within a digital image. It is commonly used to recognize text in scanned documents and images.

Commonly used in AI, Document Management

Optical character recognition (OCR) is the process of converting images of text into machine-encoded text, allowing computers to recognize and extract text data from scanned documents, images, or other sources.

Commonly used in AI, Data Processing, Document Management

The technology that enables computers to interpret and convert images of text into machine-readable text.

Commonly used in General IT

The mechanical or electronic conversion of images of typed, handwritten, or printed text into machine-encoded text, whether from a scanned document, a photo of a document, a scene-photo, or from subtitle text superimposed on an image.

Commonly used in AI, Document Management

The process of verifying that printed characters are legible and correctly formed by comparing them to a standard or template, often used in quality control processes.

Commonly used in AI, Quality Assurance

A storage medium that uses a laser to read and write data on a reflective surface, such as CDs, DVDs, and Blu-ray discs.

Commonly used in Data Storage, Media, General IT

A type of high-speed transmission medium consisting of thin strands of glass or plastic that carry data using light signals.

Commonly used in Networking, Telecommunications, General IT

The process of capturing human-marked data from document forms such as surveys and tests. It is a method used to read questionnaires, multiple choice examination paper in the form of lines or shaded areas.

Commonly used in Data Processing, Education Technology

A computer pointing device that uses a light-emitting diode (LED) and optical sensor to detect movement on a surface.

Commonly used in Input Devices, Computer Peripherals, General IT

A type of data communication network built primarily on optical fiber technology, capable of delivering high-bandwidth connections over long distances.

Commonly used in Networking, Telecommunications

A device that connects to the termination point of a provider’s fiber optic network, serving as a modem to provide Internet service to a home or business.

Commonly used in Networking

A communications network based on optical fibers for transmitting data using light signals.

Commonly used in Networking, Telecommunications, General IT

The process of routing optical data signals without the need for converting them to electrical signals.

Commonly used in Networking, Telecommunications

A physical security device that uses infrared beams, cameras, or other optical sensors to detect and manage pedestrian traffic flow in and out of a space without the need for a physical barrier.

Commonly used in Security, Physical Security Systems

In digital photography, the actual zoom achieved by physically adjusting the camera lens to change the focal length, thereby producing a magnified image without losing quality.

Commonly used in Hardware, Photography

An algorithm in computer science for page replacement in virtual memory systems, theoretically producing the lowest possible page fault rate. The algorithm replaces the page that will not be used for the longest period of time.

Commonly used in Operating Systems, Algorithms

The process of finding the most efficient route between nodes in a network, often used in the context of network traffic to minimize latency and maximize throughput.

Commonly used in Networking, Traffic Management

Algorithms designed to find the optimal solution or a near-optimal solution to computational problems within a reasonable time frame.

Commonly used in AI, Programming

The study and application of electronic devices and systems that source, detect and control light, typically considered a sub-field of photonics. In this context, light often includes invisible forms of radiation such as gamma rays, X-rays, ultraviolet and infrared, in addition to visible light.

Commonly used in Electronics, Photonics

Provides certifications for its database and cloud solutions, including roles such as database administrator, Java programmer, and cloud architect.

Commonly used in Databases, Cloud Computing

Validates a foundational understanding of Java as well as programming in general.

Commonly used in Programming

The highest Oracle certification, demonstrating a candidate’s ability to administer complex Oracle databases and perform high-level database management tasks.

Commonly used in Databases

Validates expertise in the Java programming language.

Commonly used in Programming

A cloud computing service offered by Oracle, providing servers, storage, network, applications, and services through a global network of Oracle Corporation managed data centers.

Commonly used in Cloud Computing, Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

A multi-model database management system produced and marketed by Oracle Corporation, known for its comprehensive features and scalability.

Commonly used in Database Management

A combined compute and storage system marketed by Oracle Corporation for running Oracle Database software. It is engineered to deliver high performance for both data warehousing and online transaction processing (OLTP) applications.

Commonly used in Database Management, Hardware Solutions

An integrated development environment (IDE) provided by Oracle Corporation for database administrators and developers to work with SQL in Oracle databases.

Commonly used in Database Management, Development Tools

The automated arrangement, coordination, and management of computer systems, middleware, and services to ensure they’re integrated and functioning together.

Commonly used in Cloud Computing, Networking

A software system that facilitates and manages the execution of trade orders, including order entry, execution, and settlement.

Commonly used in E-commerce, Business Management

A business process that involves receiving and fulfilling customer requests for goods or services, invoicing for those goods or services, and collecting payment. It is a crucial process for managing cash flow and revenue.

Commonly used in Business Processes, Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)

A branch of computing that seeks to develop computer systems capable of self-organization, self-configuration, self-optimization, self-healing, and self-protection by drawing inspiration from the self-organizing properties of biological systems.

Commonly used in Computing Theory, Autonomous Systems

A light-emitting diode (LED) in which the emissive electroluminescent layer is a film of organic compound that emits light in response to an electric current. Used in screens for mobile devices and TVs.

Commonly used in Hardware, Display Technology

The search results that are calculated through the search engine’s algorithms, and are based on relevance to the search terms, as opposed to being advertisements.

Commonly used in Online Marketing, SEO

Listings on search engine results pages that appear because of their relevance to the search terms, as opposed to their being advertisements.

Commonly used in Online Marketing, SEO

A global nonprofit consortium that works on the development, convergence, and adoption of open standards for the global information society.

Commonly used in Standards, IT Governance

A subdiscipline of Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA), which is the application of the science of behavior analysis to issues within organizations to improve individual and group performance and worker safety.

Commonly used in Human Resources, General IT

A framework for managing the effect of new business processes, changes in organizational structure, or cultural changes within an enterprise.

Commonly used in General IT, Business Management

Systems designed to support the activities of a company or organization, enabling it to manage, organize, and analyze its data effectively. These systems encompass ERP, CRM, and other business management tools.

Commonly used in Information Systems, Business Management

The process by which organizations acquire, create, and transfer knowledge to improve performance and adapt to change.

Commonly used in Knowledge Management, Business Processes, General IT

The study of social networks within organizations, used to identify informal networks, key influencers, and other dynamics that might not be apparent through traditional organizational charts.

Commonly used in Business Intelligence, Human Resources

A company that designs and manufactures a product, as specified, that is eventually rebranded by another firm for sale.

Commonly used in Hardware, Manufacturing

A company that produces parts and equipment that may be marketed by another manufacturer.

Commonly used in General IT, Hardware

A computer process whose parent process has finished or terminated, though it remains running itself.

Commonly used in Operating Systems, Process Management

A method of encoding digital data on multiple carrier frequencies, widely used in broadband internet applications and digital television broadcasting.

Commonly used in Networking, Telecommunications